Hydrogen‐Induced Cracking and Sulfide Stress Cracking

Elboujdaîni, M.

doi:10.1002/9780470872864.ch15

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…SRB inflict damage on metal infrastructure in yet another way as hydrogen sulfide decelerates (poisons) the combining of hydrogen atoms into molecular hydrogen at the metal surface (115). This leads to the diffusion of a higher fraction of hydrogen atoms into the metal matrix.…”

Section: Emic Versus Cmic-emerging Theories In Srb-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

680

414

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About a century ago, researchers first recognized a connection between the activity of environmental microorganisms and cases of anaerobic iron corrosion. Since then, such microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) has gained prominence and its technical and economic implications are now widely recognized. Under anoxic conditions (e.g., in oil and gas pipelines), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are commonly considered the main culprits of MIC. This perception largely stems from three recurrent observations. First, anoxic sulfate-rich environments (e.g., anoxic seawater) are particularly corrosive. Second, SRB and their characteristic corrosion product iron sulfide are ubiquitously associated with anaerobic corrosion damage, and third, no other physiological group produces comparably severe corrosion damage in laboratory-grown pure cultures. However, there remain many open questions as to the underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions to corrosion. On the one hand, SRB damage iron constructions indirectly through a corrosive chemical agent, hydrogen sulfide, formed by the organisms as a dissimilatory product from sulfate reduction with organic compounds or hydrogen ("chemical microbially influenced corrosion"; CMIC). On the other hand, certain SRB can also attack iron via withdrawal of electrons ("electrical microbially influenced corrosion"; EMIC), viz., directly by metabolic coupling. Corrosion of iron by SRB is typically associated with the formation of iron sulfides (FeS) which, paradoxically, may reduce corrosion in some cases while they increase it in others. This brief review traces the historical twists in the perception of SRB-induced corrosion, considering the presently most plausible explanations as well as possible early misconceptions in the understanding of severe corrosion in anoxic, sulfate-rich environments. E ver since its first production roughly 4,000 years ago, iron has played a central role in human society due to its excellent mechanical properties and the abundance of its ores. Today, iron is used in much larger quantities than any other metallic material (1) and is indispensable in infrastructure, transportation, and manufacturing. A major drawback is the susceptibility of iron to corrosion. Corrosion of iron and other metals causes enormous economic damage. Across all industrial sectors, the inferred costs of metal corrosion have been estimated to range between 2% and 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries (2, 3). These costs are to a large extent caused by corrosion of iron, due to its abundant use and particular susceptibility to oxidative damage. Estimates of the costs attributable to biocorrosion of iron lack a computed basis so that they vary widely, and definite numbers cannot be given with certainty. Still, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) probably accounts for a significant fraction of the total costs (4-7), and, due to its effects on important infrastructure in the energy industry (such as oil and gas pipelines), costs in the range of billions of...

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Section: Emic Versus Cmic-emerging Theories In Srb-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

680

414

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“…Another type of damage caused by biogenic hydrogen sulfide is known as sulfide stress cracking. Hydrogen sulfide can decelerate (or poison) the combining of hydrogen atoms into molecular hydrogen at the metal surface and, as a result, the diffusion of a higher fraction of hydrogen atoms into the metal matrix may occur (Elboujdaini, 2011). Combining of absorbed atomic hydrogen molecules into hydrogen gas (H 2 ) within the metal can cause embrittlement of the metal (Radkevych & Pokhmurs'kyi, 2001).…”

Section: Chemical Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (Cmic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion and sulfur-related bacteria

Wu¹,

Wang²,

Wang³

2020

Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulphur Pollution: Principles and Engineering

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Concrete and carbon steel are among the most used materials in many industries, such as infrastructure, transportation and manufacturing. Surfaces of both materials, when exposed to non-sterile environments, can be the sites of biological activities of various microorganisms. Many of the activities are deleterious. From the long-term perspective, both concrete and metal can deteriorate and may ultimately lose their original functionalities. The deterioration of materials caused by microorganisms is known as microbiologically influenced (induced) corrosion (MIC)

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“…The cracks propagate from the surface perpendicular to the applied load. That only occurs under the action of supercritical stress for a prolonged period; the critical stress depends on the material [10][11][12]. Typically, stronger materials are especially susceptible to sulfide stress cracking.…”

Section: Steels Resistant To H 2 S Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Seamless Steel Pipe for Oil and Gas Extraction in Challenging Conditions

et al. 2018

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Trends in pipe-steel development, smelting technologies, and hot-rolling and heat-treatment methods are reviewed, in the context of growing requirements on seamless pipe for oil and gas extraction in challenging conditions. As new resources become available, PAO Gazprom is developing appropriate requirements on high-strength, low-temperature borehole pipe and pump and compressor pipe that is resistant to H 2 S and CO 2 corrosion. In the present work, metallurgical principles are outlined for the development of new grades of high-quality steel with minimum content of sulfur, phosphorus, and dissolved gas and corresponding treatment conditions. This involves the selection of the chemical composition so that martensite structure is formed on quenching and subsequent high-tempering, thereby ensuring the required combination of strength and ductility. It is shown that the optimal combination of strength and ductility may be attained at -60°C if chromium-molybdenum steel containing around 0.25 wt % C is alloyed with vanadium and niobium, which readily form carbides. Resistance to sulfide stress cracking may be afforded by microalloying of the steel so as to decrease the initial austenite grain size and by calibrating the content of molybdenum, which ensures high hardenability and slows softening on tempering. New compositions for martensitic stainless steel with 13% Cr are developed. That ensures the required resistance to CO 2 corrosion and improves the strength and cold strength in comparison with the basic composition of 20X13 steel. Reconstruction of the electrosmelting and rolling systems at OAO Volzhskii Trubnyi Zavod (VTZ) ensures the required quality of the new products, from continuous-cast steel billet to the final pipe.

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Hydrogen‐Induced Cracking and Sulfide Stress Cracking

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Corrosion and sulfur-related bacteria

Production of Seamless Steel Pipe for Oil and Gas Extraction in Challenging Conditions

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