Hydrogen Ion Concentration and the Development of
            <i>Sclerotinia</i>
            Apothecia

Ezekiel, Walter N.

doi:10.1126/science.58.1496.166

Cited by 4 publications

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“…were identified as M. laxa, while M. fructicola represented the remaining 21% (Hewitt and Leach, 1939). Similar results for the state of California had already been obtained by Ezekiel (1923). In early 1980s, both M. fructicola and M. laxa were widespread in plum and apricot growing areas (Michailides et al, 1987).…”

Section: Competition From Existing Species In the Risk Assessment Areasupporting

confidence: 74%

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Pest risk assessment ofMonilinia fructicolafor the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

Rossi¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health has delivered a pest risk assessment on the risk posed by Monilinia fructicola to the EU territory and has identified risk management options and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by this organism. The Panel has also analysed the effectiveness of the special requirements presently listed in Annex IV, Part A, Section I of Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into the EU territory. The Panel concluded that the main pathways for entry into the EU territory are plant material for propagation purposes and fruit of host genera and that, with the exception of dried fruit, the probability of entry is very likely. The probability of establishment is also very likely due to the suitable environmental conditions and to the widespread presence of host species, susceptible for most of the year, on most of the risk assessment area. Cultural practices and control measures currently applied and competition with other Monilinia species cannot prevent the establishment of M. fructicola. The probability of spread is very likely because of the multiple ways of dispersal of the pest. The overall impact in the endangered area is estimated to be moderate. Neither additional cultural measures nor increased fungicide treatments would be needed to control of brown rot in the orchard after the introduction of M. fructicola. © European Food Safety Authority, 2011 KEY WORDSBlossom and twig blight, brown rot, Monilia fructicola, Prunus spp., Rosaceae, stone fruit. Having given due consideration to the evidence, the Panel concludes that: a. Entry of M. fructicola by means of plant propagation material, fresh fruits of susceptible genera and by natural means from infested European non-EU countries is very likely. It is very unlikely in case of dried fruit and natural means from infested non-European countries.In both cases the level of uncertainty is low.b. Establishment of M. fructicola in the risk assessment area is very likely with a low level of uncertainty because of the avaialability of host plants with a long period of susceptibility and of suitable environmental conditions. Competition from other Monilinia species (M. laxa and M. fructigena) and currently applied cultural practices and control measures cannot prevent the establishment of the pest. In addition, the pest has already been detected in several Member States in the risk assessment area (France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Spain).c. Spread of M. fructicola within the risk assessment area is very likely with a low level of uncertainty because of its multiple ways to spread (natural and human assisted), to the wide distribution of host species in the risk assessment area and the absence of effective barriers.

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Section: Competition From Existing Species In the Risk Assessment Areasupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Optimum temperature for production of apothecia of M. fructicola is 15-16 °C (Ezekiel, 1923;Harada, 1977;Holtz and Michailides, 1994). The period of ascospore discharge decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 25 °C.…”

Section: Availability Of Suitable Hosts In the Risk Assessment Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest risk assessment ofMonilinia fructicolafor the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

Rossi¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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Nota sull'azione della concentrazione degli idrogenioni sulle correnti protoplasmatiche

Colla¹

1928

Protoplasma

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Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der Ernährung, Belichtung und Temperatur auf die Perithecienproduktion einiger Hypocreaceen

Krause

1930

Z. F. Parasitenkunde

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Hydrogen Ion Concentration and the Development of Sclerotinia Apothecia

Cited by 4 publications

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Pest risk assessment ofMonilinia fructicolafor the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

Pest risk assessment ofMonilinia fructicolafor the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options

Nota sull'azione della concentrazione degli idrogenioni sulle correnti protoplasmatiche

Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der Ernährung, Belichtung und Temperatur auf die Perithecienproduktion einiger Hypocreaceen

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