“…They possess absolute selectivity with respect to hydrogen; however, they are too expensive and have issues with stability under operating conditions [ 49 , 55 , 56 , 84 , 85 , 99 , 139 , 358 ]. As an alternative to precious metals, Ni and its alloys, being cheap but also possessing a high mixed protonic-electronic conductivity, can be used in hydrogen separation membranes in an individual form or as a component of cermet composites [ 55 , 56 , 132 , 216 , 359 , 360 ]. V and its alloys with Ni, Cu, V, Nb, Ta and other metals are promising materials showing high hydrogen permeation fluxes exceeding those for Pd-based membranes and having a lower cost [ 55 , 359 , 360 , 361 ].…”