Hydrogen permeability of alloys of iron with chromium and aluminum

Kripyakevich, R. I.; Zvezdin, Yu. I.; Sidorenko, V. M.; Sidorak, I. I.; Kachmar, B. F.

doi:10.1007/bf00723601

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Significantly, the reduction of hydrogen permeability in ferritic steels has been noted in several studies, [72,78,90,92,[105][106][107] associated with the addition of aluminum as an alloying element in these steels.…”

Section: Permeation Of Hydrogen In Ferritic and Ferritic/martensitic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It is to be noted that the lowering of hydrogen permeability and measurable increase in activation energy in the case of steels containing chromium plus aluminum were related to effect of larger atomic radii of Al and Cr than Fe and their influence on the interatomic separations, [72] vis-a`-vis the structural effect on passage of hydrogen even between the (bcc) ferritic steel classes. From their results of hydrogen permeability in these ferritic steel classes, determined from 1073 K down to 573 K in a cooling schedule, it was noted that the composition of ~12 pct Cr with 3 to 4 pct Al was optimal in lowering the permeability, with or without any redistribution of aluminum within the alloy grains observed during long annealing exposure to (reducing) hydrogen atmosphere.…”

Section: B Effect Of Steel and Alloys Compositional On Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[69] (b) Various classes of structural materials: Zircaloys, variety of steels, [16] austenitic stainless steels, reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels, [70,71] Fe-Cr ferritic steels, and Fe-Cr-Al ferritic steels. [19,[27][28][29] Results on hydrogen permeability of similar FeCrAl alloys were presented in some early publications [72,73] details of which are discussed later below. Several comprehensive reviews relating to the permeation of tritium/ hydrogen in the above-mentioned materials-systems have been published over the years; [2,16,37,[74][75][76][77][78][79] these reviews are included by reference in the subsequent sections.…”

Section: A Fecral and Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, it is expected that the composition of the base alloy may affect the diffusivity of hydrogen, although the sensitivity for this influence is likely to be low, i.e., a large variation in composition is likely needed to manifest any direct influence on the diffusivity. This may be inferred, e.g., considering compilations of diffusivity data [123,124] and permeability data reviewed in earlier sections [16,72,93,99,103,125,126] that show a unified diffusion response by a class of materials (austenitic, ferritic Fe-Cr, ferritic-martensitic, FeCrAl, etc.) with fairly wide variation in the class composition.…”

Section: B Effect Of Steel and Alloys Compositional On Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation in Clean or Unoxidized FeCrAl Alloys: A Review

Garud¹,

Hoffman²,

Rebak³

2022

Metall Mater Trans A

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The US Department of Energy is working with fuel vendors to develop accident tolerant fuels (ATF) for the current fleet of light water reactors (LWRs). The ATF should be more resilient to loss of coolant accident scenarios and help extending the life of the operating LWRs. One of the proposed ATF concepts is to use iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys for the cladding of the fuel. A concern in using ferritic FeCrAl is that this type of cladding may result in an increase in the concentration of tritium in the coolant. The objective of the current critical review is to collect and assess information from the literature regarding diffusion or permeation of hydrogen (H) and its isotopes deuterium (D) and Tritium (T) across industrial alloys (including FeCrAl) used or intended for the nuclear industry. Over a hundred years of data reviewed shows that the solubility of hydrogen in ferritic alloys is lower than in austenitic alloys but hydrogen permeates faster through a ferritic material than through austenitic materials. The tritium permeation rates in FeCrAl alloys are between those in austenitic stainless steels and in ferritic FeCr steels. The activation energy for hydrogen permeation is approximately 30 pct higher in the austenitic alloys compared with the ferritic (typically ∼ 50 kJ/mol in ferritic vs. ∼ 65 kJ/mol in the austenitic). None of the major elements in FeCrAl alloys react with hydrogen to form detrimental hydride phases. The effect of surface oxides on FeCrAl delaying hydrogen entrance into FeCrAl alloy is not part of this review.

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Section: Permeation Of Hydrogen In Ferritic and Ferritic/martensitic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: B Effect Of Steel and Alloys Compositional On Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: A Fecral and Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Effect Of Steel and Alloys Compositional On Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation in Clean or Unoxidized FeCrAl Alloys: A Review

Garud¹,

Hoffman²,

Rebak³

2022

Metall Mater Trans A

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Effect of surface oxides on tritium entrance and permeation in FeCrAl alloys for nuclear fuel cladding: a review

Garud¹,

Rebak

2023

Corrosion Reviews

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Iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are being considered for the cladding of uranium dioxide fuel in light water reactors (LWRs). FeCrAl alloys have good mechanical properties at temperatures of 300 °C and higher, and have superlative resistance to attack by steam at temperatures of up to 1000 °C and higher. A concern has been raised that the use of FeCrAl for cladding would result in a higher content of tritium in the reactor coolant as compared with the current system where the cladding is a zirconium based alloy. This review shows that the flux of tritium from the fuel rod cavities to the coolant across the fuel cladding wall will be greatly reduced by the presence of oxides on the surface of the cladding. The review of current literature and permeation data show that (a) protective oxides are expected to be present on both sides of the FeCrAl cladding, and (b) depending on the characteristics of these oxide layers it is reasonable to expect about two–three orders of magnitude reduction in tritium permeation, relative to the permeation response in clean, unoxidized condition for FeCrAl steels of interest, around 277 °C–377 °C temperatures.

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Hydrogen permeability of alloys of iron with chromium and aluminum

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation in Clean or Unoxidized FeCrAl Alloys: A Review

Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation in Clean or Unoxidized FeCrAl Alloys: A Review

Effect of surface oxides on tritium entrance and permeation in FeCrAl alloys for nuclear fuel cladding: a review

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