Hydrogen permeability of beryllium films prepared by the thermionic vacuum arc method

Nemanič, Vincenc; Zajec, Bojan; Žumer, Marko; Poroşnicu, C.; Lungu, C.P.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.12.076

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The W x Cr y Fe 1−x−y layers that present a high interest in the nuclear fusion domain were co-deposited by means of the TVA method. This technique was also used to obtain mixed Be-W and Be-C layers characterized by high purity, good substrate adhesion, and controlled atomic composition confirmed by several studies [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The method implies a co-deposition process by means of three anode-cathode systems, where the cathode consists of a circular heated W filament integrated as an electron gun.…”

Section: Samples Co-deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Structural, Compositional, and Mechanical Characterization of WxCryFe1−x−y Layers Relevant to Nuclear Fusion, Obtained with TVA Technology

et al. 2019

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Reduced activation ferritic and martensitic steel like EUROFER (9Cr-1W) are considered as potential structural materials for the first wall of the future next-generation DEMOnstration Power Station (DEMO) fusion reactor and as a reference material for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) test blanket module. The primary motivation of this work is to study the re-deposition of the main constituent materials of EUROFER, namely tungsten (W), iron (Fe), and chromium (Cr), in a DEMO type reactor by producing and analyzing complex WxCryFe1−x−y layers. The composite layers were produced in laboratory using the thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method, and the morphology, crystalline structure, elemental composition, and mechanical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF), and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES), as well as nanoindentation and tribology measurements. The results show that the layer morphology is textured and is highly dependent on sample positioning during the deposition process. The formation of polycrystalline WxCryFe1−x−y was observed for all samples with the exception of the sample positioned closer to Fe anode during deposition. The crystalline grain size dimension varied between 10 and 20 nm. The composition and thickness of the layers were strongly influenced by the in-situ coating position, and the elemental depth profiles show a non-uniform distribution of Fe and Cr in the layers. The highest hardness was measured for the sample positioned near the Cr anode, 6.84 GPa, and the lowest was 4.84 GPa, measured for the sample positioned near the W anode. The tribology measurements showed an abrasive sliding wear behavior for most of the samples with a reduction of the friction coefficient with the increase of the normal load.

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Section: Samples Co-deposition Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Structural, Compositional, and Mechanical Characterization of WxCryFe1−x−y Layers Relevant to Nuclear Fusion, Obtained with TVA Technology

et al. 2019

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“…A linear divertor plasma simulator PISCES-B for studying the erosion yields of Be surfaces prepared by various techniques, a.o. TVA, was applied in [204]. It was found that the erosion yield of the TVA deposited layers was fully comparable with that of the layer deposited by magnetron sputtering.…”

Section: The Role Of Tva Methods In Be Coatings For Fusion Applicationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Thermionic Vacuum Arc—A Versatile Technology for Thin Film Deposition and Its Applications

et al. 2020

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This review summarizes the more-than-25-years of development of the so-called thermionic vacuum arc (TVA). TVA is an anodic arc discharge in vapors of the material to be deposited; the energy for its melting is delivered by means of a focused electron beam. The resulting material ions fall at the substrate where they form a well-adhesive layer; the ion energy is controllable. The deposited layers are, as a rule, free from droplets typical for cathodic arc deposition systems and the thermal stress of the substrates being coated is low. TVA is especially suitable for processing refractory metals, e.g., carbon or tungsten, however, in the course of time, various useful applications of this system originated. They include layers for fusion application, hard coatings, low-friction coatings, biomedical-applicable films, materials for optoelectronics, and for solid-state batteries. Apart from the diagnostic of the film properties, also the diagnostic of the TVA discharge itself as well as of the by TVA generated plasma was performed. The research and application of the TVA proceeds in broad international collaboration. At present, the TVA technology has found its firm place among the different procedures for thin film deposition.

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“…The surface bombarded by the electron flux evaporates the pure beryllium more rapidly than the surrounding oxide layer, and caves could be formed in the beryllium rod, in this way impeding the beryllium deposition. Works dedicated to beryllium TVD depositions can be found in [82,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101].…”

Section: Beryllium Deposition By Tvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermionic Vacuum Discharges for Thin Film Depositions

Mustata,

Lungu,

Jepu

et al. 2023

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The thermionic vacuum discharge method is very effective in that the films obtained using this technology are characterised by a very high degree of adhesion, density and purity because the deposition technique is carried out in high, very high or, if possible, in ultra-very high vacuum conditions with no gas present. When the substrate is placed in vacuum, no heat transfer particles are present, the substrate being heated only by the ion incident on the surface. This advantage recommends the TVD method for deposits on plastics or other thermally sensitive materials. Additionally, this slow heat transfer reduces energy loss, making the deposition method industrially competitive. The paper aims to present theoretical aspects of this type of discharge, compared to typical or more popular plasmas but also to present the achievements of this method and its utility in the thin films production, layers that have specific imposed properties. The practical depositions and applications presented are in the nuclear fusion-related material science and also for obtaining materials for granular structures, used as magneto-resistive coatings.

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Hydrogen permeability of beryllium films prepared by the thermionic vacuum arc method

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Structural, Compositional, and Mechanical Characterization of WxCryFe1−x−y Layers Relevant to Nuclear Fusion, Obtained with TVA Technology

Structural, Compositional, and Mechanical Characterization of WxCryFe1−x−y Layers Relevant to Nuclear Fusion, Obtained with TVA Technology

Thermionic Vacuum Arc—A Versatile Technology for Thin Film Deposition and Its Applications

Thermionic Vacuum Discharges for Thin Film Depositions

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