Hydrogen Permeability of Epoxy Composites as Liners in Lined Rock Caverns—Experimental Study

Abstract

Energy production from renewable energy sources is not stable and any fluctuations in energy productions need to be eliminated with underground energy storage. Demand of underground gas storage will be increasing, due to the switching to green energy, while the availability of underground storage sites, especially salt caverns suitable for hydrogen storage, is limited. The purpose of this paper is to compare the hydrogen permeability of different materials and select a proper liner material for hydrogen storage in Liner Rock Caverns or post mine workings. A variety of materials, like concrete, polymer concrete, epoxy resin, salt rock, and mudstone, were tested for gas permeability/hydrogen diffusion, using the combined Steady-State Flow/Carrier Gas methods. Results are shown in different units, providing the opportunity to compare the results with literature data. The permeability value of investigated epoxy resin is comparable to the salt rock (after creep process), which makes the epoxy resin a promising sealing liner for hydrogen and potential substitution of stainless-steel in Lined Rock Cavern (LRC) gas storage.

Underground Hydrogen Storage Safety: Experimental Study of Hydrogen Diffusion through Caprocks

“…Permeability values (Figure 11) are in the range of 3 × 10 3 ÷ 6 × 10 5 Barrer for hydrogen and in the range of 2 × 10 3 ÷ 2 × 10 4 Barrer for methane; similar trends are observed on both caprocks. The permeability values (3 × 10 3 ÷ 2 × 10 4 Barrer) obtained at Pp = 80% (about 0.8 bar) (Figure 11) are consistent with values measured by Gajda and Luty ński [51] for a clay mineral-based mudstone (2330 Barrer) at a 1 MPa feed gas pressure. Despite the different adsorption enthalpies [52], measured gas uptakes for hydrogen and methane are comparable (Figure 12).…”

Permeability measurement theory in case of natural gas and natural gas-hydrogen mixture

“…Several designs can be used to study hydrogen. Dawid and Marcin David [12] studied hydrogen permeability using steady-state flow and carrier gas methods. Depending on the sample permeability, the setup between the two approaches indicated can be changed.…”

An integrated approach for preventing hydrogen leakage from metallic vessels: barrier and scavenging

“…Otherwise, if a more impermeable matrix is chosen (e.g., epoxy), the kinetics could be much slower (a few weeks). 26,28 This study explored two approaches to prevent hydrogenmetal contact. In the rst approach (hydrogen barrier), a PDMS-composite loaded with GNP particles decreased the hydrogen diffusion in the matrix by one order of magnitude, while in the second approach (absorption), a PDMS-based composite loaded with a getter was found to efficiently absorb the hydrogen molecules (getter saturation > 86%).…”