Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion (O2−) and H2O2 was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of H2O2and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both H2O2and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by 106 and 107 cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. H2O2- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative ‘area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC)’ was calculated to compare disease protection by H2O2 and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither H2O2 nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but H2O2+ SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that H2O2 and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.

Differential Control Efficacies of Vitamin Treatments against Bacterial Wilt and Grey Mould Diseases in Tomato Plants

“…Eco-friendly disease controls have been recommended during tomato productions owing to increasing concerns about environment and human health. Recently, treatments with clove oil and H 2 O 2 -nitric oxide mixture were suggested to reduce tomato bacterial wilt in our previous studies ( Hong et al, 2013 ; Lee et al, 2012 ). In the current study, we also evaluated effects of the four vitamins thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine and menadione to manage bacterial wilt and grey mould diseases in tomato plants as alternatives for chemical pesticides.…”

“…R. solanacearum strain GMI1000 were cultured in 4 ml of CPG broth (1 g of casamino acid, 10 g of peptone, and 5 g of glucose per litre) by shaking overnight at 30°C ( Schaad et al, 2001 ). After centrifugation of the bacterial culture, bacterial suspension was adjusted at optical density at 600 nm wavelength (OD 600 ) = 0.15 to set 10 8 colony-forming unit [cfu]/ml in sterile water according to our previous studies ( Hong et al, 2013 ; Lee et al, 2012 ). B. cinerea KACC40573 (from the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection) was cultured on 1/2 potato dextrose agar (PDA) media at 20°C for 3 days and 14 days, for mycelial growth and conidial germination assays, respectively.…”

“…Essential oils extracted from wild thyme and origanum plants showed high protection efficacies against grey mould in the tomato leaves ( Ben-Jabeur et al, 2015 ; Soylu et al, 2010 ). Antimicrobial and/or defence-activating activities of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide led to reduced bacterial wilt and grey mould of tomato plants ( Hong et al, 2013 ; Lai et al, 2011 ). More recently, novel materials suppressing bacterial wilt and grey mould have been investigated to establish more efficient and sustainable disease control strategies for tomato production.…”

ABA Suppresses Botrytis cinerea Elicited NO Production in Tomato to Influence H2O2 Generation and Increase Host Susceptibility

“…Nitric oxide effects on plant responses to stress have been extensive characterized using Arabidopsis but not exclusively so, with some important studies being undertaken in tomato, which has the virtue of being a both a model species and an important crop. Examples of studies establishing NO effects in stress tolerance in tomato include resistance to bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum ; Hong et al, 2013 ), root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita ; Zhou et al, 2015 ), Cu and Cd ( Wang et al, 2015 ) and heat shock ( Piterkova et al, 2013 ). Our study sought to investigate further investigate role of NO in the interaction of tomato with B. cinerea.…”

Reduced Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants by Bactericidal Peroxyacetic Acid Mixture Treatment

“…Copper-based chemical pesticides delayed bacterial wilt development in tomato plants ( Lee et al, 2012 ). Soil-drenching diluted clove oil solution and hydrogen peroxide-nitric oxide mixed aqueous solution effectively attenuated symptom development of the tomato bacterial wilts as well ( Lee et al, 2012 ; Hong et al, 2013 ). Recently, thiamine (vitamin B1) was also suggested to slightly ameliorate bacterial wilt in detached tomato leaves ( Hong et al, 2016 ).…”