Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Enamel and Dentin

Llena, Carmen; Martínez-Galdón, Oreto; Forner, Leopoldo; Gimeno-Mallench, Lucía; Rodríguez‐Lozano, Francisco Javier; Gambini, Juan

doi:10.3390/ma11091694

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies evaluated the in vitro diffusion of high (35%–40%) and low (10%) HP concentrations used for different in‐office bleaching protocols and demonstrated that the increasing of the concentration, 16,18 contact time 16,19,26 or the number of bleaching agent applications 39 resulted in greater HP diffusion. It was observed in vitro that the same bleaching gel tested in the current study promoted an increase of approximately 48% and 60% of diffusion rate when it was used for two or three 10 min applications, respectively 39 . These findings could justify the high risk of TS observed in the present study but do not reflect the real conditions observed in vivo, where pulpal pressure and organic components presents in dentinal tubules could decrease the negative effects of bleaching agent on dental pulp 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a reduced in‐office bleaching protocol with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide on effectiveness and tooth sensitivity: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial

Meireles

Santos

Lustosa

et al. 2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness and tooth sensitivity (TS) of 37.5% hydrogen peroxide (37.5HP) in‐office bleaching with reduced protocol. Materials and methods Forty participants with shade mean C2 or darker for the six maxillary anterior teeth were randomly allocated into two treatment groups (n = 20): two (37.5HP2) or three (37.5HP3) 8 min applications/clinical session. Three clinical sessions were performed with a 1 week interval. Color evaluations were done with a spectrophotometer at baseline and 1 week post‐bleaching. TS was measured during and up to 48 h after bleaching using a five‐point numeric rating scale. Color change was evaluated by Student's t‐test for independent samples. The absolute risk and intensity of TS were analyzed by Fisher's and Mann–Whitney/Friedman tests (p < 0.05). Result Both treatment groups resulted in a significant tooth whitening 1 week post‐bleaching (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between 37.5HP2 and 37.5HP3 for ΔE*ab, ΔE00 and ∆WID. Also, there were not differences between groups regarding high absolute risk (p = 1.0) and low intensity of TS at all time assessments (p > 0.7). Conclusions The in‐office bleaching with two 37.5% HP applications produced the same whitening degree, risk and intensity of TS to that performed with three gel applications. Clinical significance Clinicians should opt to use a neutral 37.5% HP in‐office bleaching gel for two 8 min applications/clinical session because produces the same whitening effectiveness, risk and low intensity of TS as the protocol proposed by manufacturer (three 8 min applications).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a reduced in‐office bleaching protocol with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide on effectiveness and tooth sensitivity: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial

Meireles

Santos

Lustosa

et al. 2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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“…Only after having performed the scaling is it possible to proceed with the actual whitening. Bleaching involves a chemical reaction of oxidation-reduction, in which the tooth goes against oxidation, also oxidizing all the pigments present on the enamel, and reducing the whitening material (Figure 2) [24,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Whitening Gels: Strengths and Weaknesses of an Increasingly Used Method

Fiorillo

Laino

Stefano

et al. 2019

Gels

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Many people nowadays undergo treatments to improve their aesthetics, often neglecting the general state of health. Aesthetics and appearance have become of prime importance, perhaps correlating with of the advent of social networks and digital photographs. One of the most requested aesthetic treatments for dentists is dental bleaching through the use of whitening gels. Dental bleaching is a treatment which involves an improvement in the chrome of the teeth in a short time, and this treatment appears not invasive for the patients. In-office and at-home bleaching treatments can be found. The purpose of this scientific study is to evaluate all of the advantages and disadvantages of this medical treatment. In this study, were report information and items related to bleaching side effects. Dentists often find themselves in disagreement on this topic. The PICO (Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome) question investigated was: Are dental patients who have dental bleaching an increased risk of teeth damage? All of the data in the literature has been collected, and all of the side effects of this treatment were evaluated. 263 studies emerged from initial research; only 14 were screened after screening, as they contained sufficient data to evaluate the side effects of treatment. One certain thing emerged; among the contraindications to the treatment of dental bleaching dentinal hypersensitivity could be cited. In fact, one of the most reported undesirable effects regards this problem. Other studies have evaluated pain, color improvement and duration, or patient satisfaction. Dental bleaching is a treatment that aims to improve the aesthetics of our patients; this is also reflected from a psychological point of view and therefore has effects on general health. However, the whitening treatment is not suitable for everyone and must be carefully evaluated by a specialist. This treatment also entails maintenance by the patient and therefore better compliance to normal oral hygiene procedures.

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“…Two of the most important properties of a whitening product are the degree of diffusion through tooth structure and the ability to react with chromophore molecules. The selection of a bleaching product depends not only on efficacy, release rate, or the potential to cause damage to surrounding structures, but also on the differential diagnosis of tooth discoloration and the choice of technique [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Peroxide Release Kinetics of Four Tooth Whitening Products—In Vitro Study

et al. 2021

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Tooth whitening efficacy can be influenced by several factors, of which concentration and application time are two of the most important. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the initial content and release kinetics of the hydrogen peroxide (HP) content, or the carbamide peroxide (CP) content as converted to its HP equivalent, of four tooth whitening products with different concentrations (6% HP, 16% CP, 10% CP, and 5% CP). Titrations with Cerium Sulphate IV were performed to determine HP concentration. HP release kinetics were evaluated by a spectrophotometric technique. The results were expressed as the mean values and 95% confidence interval of the percentage of hydrogen peroxide content during release kinetics. One sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc testing, and Pearson correlation testing were used, as appropriate, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The concentration of titrated HP was higher than that indicated by the manufacturers in all tested products (p < 0.01). At the minimum application times indicated by the manufacturers, all products released at least 85% of HP content; the gel containing 10% CP registered the lowest release at 85.49 (81.52–89.46). There was a significant HP release in all products during the application times indicated by the manufacturers. Further studies are needed to assess in vitro release kinetics.

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Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Enamel and Dentin

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of a reduced in‐office bleaching protocol with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide on effectiveness and tooth sensitivity: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial

Effects of a reduced in‐office bleaching protocol with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide on effectiveness and tooth sensitivity: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial

Dental Whitening Gels: Strengths and Weaknesses of an Increasingly Used Method

Hydrogen Peroxide Release Kinetics of Four Tooth Whitening Products—In Vitro Study

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