Hydrogen peroxide whitens teeth by oxidizing the organic structure

Eimar, Hazem; Siciliano, Ryan; Abdallah, Mohamed‐Nur; Nader, Samer Abi; Amin, Wala M.; Martinez, Pedro-Pablo; Viñuela, Alicia Celemín; Cerruti, Marta; Tamimi, Faleh

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2012.08.008

Cited by 192 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Moreover, using an in-office bleaching agent with hydrogen peroxide activation by its mixing with the thickener facilitates the experimental protocol reducing bias when compared to athome products, while the peroxide activation depends on pH buffering by saliva (23). The action mechanism of bleaching agents is related to oxy-reduction reaction of peroxides within stain molecules located in the organic matrix, while these molecules become simpler and whiter (6,7). The results of the presents study found that the bleaching effect was mainly related to changes on lightness (L*) and redness (a*), while slight alteration on yellowness was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The tooth bleaching techniques performed either in office or by patients at home are carried out using bleaching agents based on hydrogen or carbamide peroxides (3)(4)(5). The bleaching effect is achieved due to oxidative action of peroxides and its sub-products on the organic matrix of the tooth tissues modifying its optical properties (6,7). Despite the high success rates observed for both in-office and athome bleaching procedures (4,5), using oxidative agents are unable to solve aesthetic alterations of teeth when the discoloration is intrinsic in the enamel due to fluorosis staining and other enamel hypoplasia, or white lesion spot caused by dental caries (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Microabrasion on the Effectiveness of Tooth Bleaching

2017

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of prior microabrasion on the teeth color change and tooth bleaching effectiveness. Eight sound molars were mesiodistally sectioned and the halves were randomly allocated to receive enamel microabrasion or non-abrasion (control) in one of surfaces (buccal or lingual), while the remaining surface received the other treatment. The tooth color on baseline was evaluated by spectrophotometer (CieL*a*b system). After the microabrasion procedure, the tooth color was measured again. Following, the specimens were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for two sessions with one-week interval. The color was re-evaluated 7 days after each section and 30 days after the second session. The effect of enamel microabrasion on color changes was evaluated by paired T-test. Deltas L*, a*, b*, and E were calculated and data submitted to 2-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Tukey`s test. Paired T-test was also used to assess possible differences on the ultimate color achieved after tooth bleaching. Enamel microabrasion reduced the lightness and increased the redness of specimens. Specimens that received microabrasion presented higher values of ∆L* than control after each bleaching procedure; and higher ∆a* after the 2 nd bleaching session. However, the prior enamel microabrasion did not affect the ultimate values of color parameters. Despite enamel microabrasion have modified the tooth color, this procedure did not affect the ultimate results achieved with tooth bleaching using a high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Microabrasion on the Effectiveness of Tooth Bleaching

2017

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“…The increase in the values of the coordinate L* represents that the tooth tends to white. 46,47,49,50 Application of the nano-HAP paste did not interfere with bleaching effectiveness. Several studies suggest that saliva may influence the loss of mineral components caused by tooth whitening because salivary flow stimulation increases the presence of components, such as carbonic acid, hydrogen carbonate, hydrogen phosphate, and calcium fluoride, which are associated with increased buffering capacity and maintenance of the balance between demineralization and remineralization.…”

Section: -44mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The coordinate a* was considered the axis with the least capacity to influence bleaching, corroborating previous studies. [45][46][47] The results showed a decrease in the values of the coordinate b*, indicating the reduction of the yellow color and revealing bleaching effectiveness. The decrease of the b* coordinate values can be explained by the removal of the chromogenic pigments from the tooth during bleaching.…”

Section: -44mentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

Gomes¹,

Alexandrino²,

Alencar³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: Evaluate in situ the effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste (nano-HAP) before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP35%) by ion chromatography (IC) Knoop hardness number (KHN) and tristimulus colorimetry (TC). Materials and methods:A total of 60 fragments were obtained from third molars included (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) and the specimens were divided into three groups (n = 20): Gas chromatography (CG) (negative control group) = no bleaching; HP35% (positive control group) = HP35% whitening (whiteness HP35%); nano-HAP = application for 10 minutes before bleaching treatment + HP35%. The specimens were fixed to the volunteers' molars. The KHN and TC were measured before and after bleaching. For IC, the dentin layer was removed, leaving the enamel that was crushed, and autoclaved for chemical quantification (calcium, fluorine, and phosphorus). The results of KHN and TC were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results:The HP35% group showed reduction of the Ca, F, and P ions. The initial and final KHN mean of the CG and nano-HAP did not differ statistically; however, the group of HP35% did differ statistically. The mean ΔE of the HP35% and nano-HAP groups did not differ statistically from each other. However, they differed from the CG. Conclusion:The nano-HAP paste preserved the KHN, promoted the lower loss of Ca and P ions and an increase of F ions when compared with the CG, but did not influence the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment.Clinical significance: Nano-HA is a biomaterial that has shown positive results in the prevention of deleterious effects on the enamel by the action of the office bleaching treatment.

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“…Cementum protects the underlying root dentin from being resorbed, but damage of this protective cementum layer below the epithelial attachment can expose the root surface to osteoclasts (odontoclasts), which may then resorb the dentin (9,11). Intracoronal bleaching with H 2 O 2 damages dental hard tissue and pulp, causing histochemical and biochemical alterations in dental tissues by inducing cytotoxic responses (12)(13)(14). H 2 O 2 can diffuse through enamel and dentin, penetrating the pulp chamber through dentinal tubules into the cervical periodontal tissues, where it acts as a strong oxidizing agent, reducing pulp-reparative capacity and leading to tissue necrosis, pulpal pain and ECR (9,15,16).Therefore, the study of the osteoclast behavior after bleaching treatment would be important to understand this superficial oxidative effect on ERC, which mainly depends on various intrinsic factors of the substrate such as surface chemistry, mineralization degree as well as micro-and macroporosity (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bleaching on osteoclast activity and their modulation by osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2

Torres-Rodríguez

Portolés

Matesanz

et al. 2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Hypothesis: Dental bleaching with H2O2 is a common daily practice in dentistry to correct discoloration of anterior teeth. The aim of this study has been to determine whether this treatment of human teeth affects growth, differentiation and activity of osteoclast-like cells, as well as the putative modulatory action of osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Experiments: Previously to the in vitro assays, structural, physicalchemical and morphological features of teeth after bleaching were studied. Osteoclast-like cells were cultured on human dentin disks, pretreated or not with 38% H2O2 bleaching gel, in the presence or absence of osteostatin (100 nM) or FGF-2 (1 ng/ml). Cell proliferation and viability, intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNFα) secretion and resorption activity were evaluated. Findings: Bleaching treatment failed to affect either the structural or the chemical features of both enamel and dentin, except for slight morphological changes, increased porosity in the most superficial parts (enamel), and a moderate increase in the wettability degree. In this scenario, bleaching produced an increased osteoclast-like cell proliferation but decreased cell viability and cytokine secretion, while it augmented resorption activity on dentin. The presence of either osteostatin or FGF-2 reduced the osteoclast-like cell proliferation induced by bleaching. FGF-2 enhanced ROS content, whereas osteostatin decreased ROS but increased TNFα secretion. The bleaching effect on resorption activity was increased by osteostatin, but this effect was less evident with FGF-2. Conclusions: These findings further confirm the deleterious effects of tooth bleaching by affecting osteoclast growth and function as well as different modulatory actions of osteostatin and FGF-2. We sincerely appreciate reviewers' remarks to improve the article and we have modified our manuscript following their recommendations. We have included additional physical-chemical and structural characterization to determine the effects with the bleaching. Moreover, the Conclusion has been improved in the revised manuscript according to your technical notes. The modifications are highlighted in the manuscript and detailed responses to the reviewers' comments are included bellow. ProfWe hope that the revised version of our manuscript is now appropriate for publication in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.Thank you for your kind consideration of our work. Sincerely,Prof. María Vallet-Regí. 1: Cover LetterResponse to the Reviewers:Reviewers' comments:Reviewer #2: The ms reports on an investigation of the effects of teeth bleaching by H2O2 on osteoclast activities and their modulation by osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2. The ms provides a nice brief biological investigation of a well-specified issues, but essentially no surface chemical information. Therefore, the authors must address the following issues before this ms can be further considered for publication:1) Surfa...

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Hydrogen peroxide whitens teeth by oxidizing the organic structure

Cited by 192 publications

References 49 publications

Impact of Microabrasion on the Effectiveness of Tooth Bleaching

Impact of Microabrasion on the Effectiveness of Tooth Bleaching

In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

Effects of bleaching on osteoclast activity and their modulation by osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2

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