Hydrogen-powered Electrochemically-driven CO₂ Removal from Air Containing 400 to 5000 ppm CO₂

Abstract

The performance of a hydrogen-powered, electrochemically-driven CO2 separator (EDCS) was demonstrated at cathode inlet CO2 concentrations from 400 to 5000 ppm. The impact of current density and CO2 concentration were evaluated to predict operating windows for various applications. The single-cell data was used to scale a 100 cm2, multi-cell stack using a shorted-membrane design for four applications: direct air capture (DAC), hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell (HEMFC) air pretreatment, submarine life support, and space habitation. For DAC, a 339-cell EDCS stack (7.7 L, 17 kg) was projected to remove 1 tonne CO2 per year. The addition of the EDCS in HEMFC systems would result in nearly a 30% increase in volume, and therefore further improvements in performance would be necessary. A module containing five 338-cell EDCS stacks (38 L, 85 kg) in parallel can support a 150-person crew at 2.1% of the volume of the liquid amine system employed in submarines. For space habitation, a 109-cell EDCS stack (3.2 L, 10 kg) is adequate for 6 crew members, and is less than 1% the size and 5% the weight of the current CO2 removal system installed on the International Space Station.

Electrochemical Gas Separations for Green Energy Integration

“…One method for continual operation DAC at concentrations of 400-5,000 ppm of CO 2 is the use of a shorted electrochemically driven CO 2 separator (EDCS) cell. 39,42 In this method the anion exchange membrane (AEM), which is typically poisoned by CO 2 , is converted to the carbonate form and electrically shorted to allow for the transport of CO 2 from the cathode to the anode, as shown in Fig. 4a.…”