Hydrogen‐Powered Microswimmers for Precise and Active Hydrogen Therapy Towards Acute Ischemic Stroke

Wang, Shuanghu; Liu, Kun; Zhou, Quan; Xu, Cong; Gao, Junbin; Wang, Zhen; Wang, Fei; Chen, Bin; Ye, Yicheng; Ou, Juanfeng; Jiang, Jiamiao; Wilson, Daniela A.; Liu, Shuwen; Peng, Fei; Tu, Yingfeng

doi:10.1002/adfm.202009475

Cited by 50 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…H 2 O 2 is currently the most popular fuel for chemical propulsion [ 118 , 119 ]. Au- [ 120 , 121 ], Pt- [ 122 , 123 ], Fe- [ 124 , 125 ], Ag- [ 126 ], Mg- [ 127 ], and other metal-based micro/nanorobots can also decompose H 2 O 2 to generate bubbles. The rebound force generated by the bubbles can promote the movement of micro/nanorobots.…”

Section: Bubbles Serving As Propulsion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly

2022

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In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.

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Section: Bubbles Serving As Propulsion Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly

2022

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“…In an interesting approach, hydrogen‐powered microswimmers based on magnesium demonstrated the ability to move through the generation of H 2 and, in parallel, scavenge the overgenerated H 2 O 2 leading to a significant reduction of the pro/inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1 b , and IL‐6 and a significant decrease of the infarct volume. [ 182 ]…”

Section: Smart Biomaterials For Treating Cerebrovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an interesting approach, hydrogen-powered microswimmers based on magnesium demonstrated the ability to move through the generation of H 2 and, in parallel, scavenge the overgenerated H 2 O 2 leading to a significant reduction of the pro/inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-6 and a significant decrease of the infarct volume. [182] Nanoparticles for Regeneration: As shown in the previous paragraphs, most of the developed stimuli-responsive biomaterials, and more specifically nanoparticles, focus on the direct effects of ischemia (e.g., thrombosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation). However, the I/R injury causes irreparable damage to the brain tissue.…”

Section: Micro-and Nanoparticles For Neuroinflammation Oxidative Stre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Stimuli‐Responsive Biomaterials for Treating Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Tapeinos

Gao

Bauleth‐Ramos

et al. 2022

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the heart, leading to the two major subcategories of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Both cerebral and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) are prevalent, leading to high percentages of mortality and morbidity worldwide. [3,4] Over the years, several medical approaches have been used to treat these diseases. For example, mechanical thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration are the standard therapies for treating ischemic stroke that can undoubtedly help numerous patients. However, limitations like the short time window for applying these therapies (≈3-6 h) and the transformation of ischemic stroke to hemorrhagic due to tPA administration constrains their use to most patients. Following the same rationale, the standard treatment for myocardial ischemia that leads to infarction uses thrombolytics like aspirin and tissue or urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), in combination with antihypertensives to reduce blood pressure and nitroglycerine to widen the blood vessels. Nevertheless, similar side effects as in ischemic stroke inhibit their unconditioned use. Notably, most of the current commercial treatments are focused on the imminent effects of CCVDs without considering the post-ischemia side effects. In particular, blood flow restoration followed by damage mitigation in the brain or the heart is the primary goal of the current CCVDs' treatment. Although these treatments increase the patients' survival, and to a limited extent, attenuate the disease's symptoms, they are unable to properly cure the disease due to the detrimental side effects caused by vascular ischemia.Several "smart" strategies have been suggested to eliminate the restraints of the current medical treatments and improve their therapeutic outcome. [5,6] These strategies involve using biomaterials that can read the biochemical alterations in the diseased microenvironment and respond in predetermined ways. [7,8] These "smart" biomaterials or stimuli-responsive materials can alter their physicochemical properties or structure depending on various stimuli. Additionally, they can exert a therapeutic effect either by the release of an encapsulated therapeutic (e.g., tPA/uPA) [9,10] or because of an inherent property (e.g., antioxidant CeO 2 nanoparticles (NPs)). [11][12][13] It should be noted that the stimuli can be internal, like acidic pH, platelet activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and enzyme concentration, or external, like magnetic and electric fields, ultrasound, and light. The reason why these stimuliresponsive biomaterials are at the forefront of research lies in the complex pathophysiology of the CCVDs that renders simple Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) describe abnormal vascular system conditions affecting the brain and heart. Among these, ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke are the leading causes of death worldwide, resulting in 16% and 11% of deaths globally. Although several therapeutic approaches are presented over the years, the continuously increasin...

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“…They injected the microswimmers into the lateral ventricle of middle cerebral artery occlusion rats and observed significant symptom reduction. [55] Figure 5. Micro/nanorobots in tissue and body fluid.…”

Section: Mnrs In Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

The Voyage of Micro/nanorobots inside the Human Body

et al. 2021

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Controllable locomotion enables micron/nanorobots to voyage and perform microsurgeries inside the human body. With the assistance of micro/nanorobots, medical tasks can be fulfilled more efficiently than traditional treatment approaches. The micro/nanorobots have performed various tasks that would not be possible by conventional methods. Moreover, wireless propelling methods bring about a lot of benefits, so that the biomedical field gains a new development opportunity. Because of the continuous efforts made by researchers in the past decade, tremendous achievements have been obtained for micro/nanorobots working in vivo. Inside the human body, the micro/nanorobots hold great potential for various applications including cancer therapy, sensing, gene silencing and thrombolysis. In this paper, we provide an overview on recent wireless micro&nanorobots applied in cells, blood vessels, tissue and eyes. Actuation methods, including acoustic, magnetic, light, chemical and bioenergy, for micro&nanorobots insidethe human body are summarized and specific applications of them are also discussed. Furthermore, challenges such as speed, biocompatibility, controllability still exist. However, we can also foresee promising developments in future. Multifunction, simplified devices and intelligence will be the forthcoming development directions for in body micro&nanorobots.

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Hydrogen‐Powered Microswimmers for Precise and Active Hydrogen Therapy Towards Acute Ischemic Stroke

Cited by 50 publications

References 65 publications

Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly

Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly

Progress in Stimuli‐Responsive Biomaterials for Treating Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

The Voyage of Micro/nanorobots inside the Human Body

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