Hydrogen production and containment

Rawls, George B.; Adams, Thad M.; Newhouse, Norman L.

doi:10.1533/9780857093899.1.3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[9] Because of safety concerns using pressurized hydrogen gas, electrochemical charging is sometimes used as a substitute for hydrogen gas exposure during investigations of HE susceptibility of a material. [10,11] The severity of HE effects is highly dependent on the hydrogen charging condition. [2,12] Relating electrochemical and gaseous charging, would enhance the comparability of HE investigations performed under different charging conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating electrochemical charging conditions equivalent to hydrogen gas exposure of X65 pipeline steel

Koren,

Hagen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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In this study, we systematically investigate electrochemical hydrogen charging conditions equivalent to hydrogen gas pressures relevant for hydrogen transportation in X65 pipeline steel. By performing hydrogen gas permeation, a relationship for Sieverts' law was established, which was used in combination with electrochemical hydrogen permeation to determine the equivalent hydrogen pressure. The results revealed that cathodic protection simulated condition at –1050 mVAg/AgCl was equivalent to a hydrogen pressure of 12.3 bar. The addition of thiourea, a hydrogen recombination poison, and changing the applied potential in the cathodic direction increased the equivalent hydrogen pressure. In this way, an electrochemical charging condition equivalent to a potential hydrogen gas pressure for hydrogen transportation (200 bar) was determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating electrochemical charging conditions equivalent to hydrogen gas exposure of X65 pipeline steel

Koren,

Hagen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Materials & Corrosion

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“…where S0 is the solubility constant, p the partial pressure, ΔH the heat of solution, R the universal gas constant, and T the absolute temperature [5]. When CO2 dissolves in water, carbonic acid H2CO3 is formed [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels in High Pressure H2 Gas and Acidified H2S-saturated Aqueous Brine Solution

Trautmann

Mori

Loder

2021

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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Microbiological methanation is planned in an underground natural gas reservoir. For this purpose, hydrogen is stored, which can lead to hydrogen embrittlement of steels. To simulate these field conditions, autoclave tests were performed to clarify the amount of absorbed hydrogen and to test whether this content leads to failure of the steels. Constant load tests and immersion tests with subsequent hydrogen analyses were performed. Tests under constant load have shown that no cracks occur due to hydrogen pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures at 25 °C and 80 °C. In these conditions, the carbon steels absorb a maximum of 0.54 ppm hydrogen, which is well below the embrittlement limit. Austenitic stainless steels absorb much more hydrogen, but these steels also have a higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. In H2S saturated solutions, the hydrogen uptake is ten times higher compared to hydrogen gas, which has caused fractures of several steels (high strength carbon steels, Super 13Cr, and Duplex stainless steel 2205).

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“…H ad can subsequently be absorbed by the material (H ab ). The hydrogen solubility of metal (S) is depicted in Sieverts' law [3]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H ad can subsequently be absorbed by the material (H ab ). The hydrogen solubility of metal (S) is depicted in Sieverts‘ law [ 3 ]:

where S 0 is the solubility constant, p is the partial pressure of the H 2 gas, ΔH the heat of solution, R the universal gas constant and T the absolute temperature. The equation expresses the pressure and temperature dependence of the hydrogen solubility as first described by Sieverts and Krumbhaar [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Uptake and Embrittlement of Carbon Steels in Various Environments

Trautmann

Mori

Oberndorfer³

et al. 2020

Materials

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To avoid failures due to hydrogen embrittlement, it is important to know the amount of hydrogen absorbed by certain steel grades under service conditions. When a critical hydrogen content is reached, the material properties begin to deteriorate. The hydrogen uptake and embrittlement of three different carbon steels (API 5CT L80 Type 1, P110 and 42CrMo4) was investigated in autoclave tests with hydrogen gas (H2) at elevated pressure and in ambient pressure tests with hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2 gas with a pressure of up to 100 bar resulted in an overall low but still detectable hydrogen absorption, which did not cause any substantial hydrogen embrittlement in specimens under a constant load of 90% of the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS). The amount of hydrogen absorbed under conditions with H2S was approximately one order of magnitude larger than under conditions with H2 gas. The high hydrogen content led to failures of the 42CrMo4 and P110 specimens.

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Hydrogen production and containment

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Investigating electrochemical charging conditions equivalent to hydrogen gas exposure of X65 pipeline steel

Investigating electrochemical charging conditions equivalent to hydrogen gas exposure of X65 pipeline steel

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels in High Pressure H2 Gas and Acidified H2S-saturated Aqueous Brine Solution

Hydrogen Uptake and Embrittlement of Carbon Steels in Various Environments

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