Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Bartholomew, Calvin H.; Farrauto, Robert J.

doi:10.1002/9780471730071.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 341 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…For high TRL thermochemical processes such as CO 2 hydrogenation, CO 2 methanation, RWGS, and DRM, well-established reactor designs exist in industry such as multitubular fixed bed and multistage adiabatic reactors, with limited residence time and high productivity per volume. Room still exists for improving the efficiency of heat removal (for exothermic reactions), due to hotspot problems from the large temperature gradient, or heat supply (for endothermic reactions), due to cold spots in the reactor which can decrease the process efficiency. − …”

Section: Research Directions To Move Co2 Conversion Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO₂ Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Vega,

Bahamon,

Alkhatib

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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CO 2 can be converted into value-added products such as fuels, chemicals, and building materials, adding an economic incentive for CO 2 capture and green economy, while also reducing the environmental footprint of hard-to-abate industries such as aviation, construction, and metallurgy. Nonetheless, most available technologies for direct CO 2 conversion, while promising, are still in early development stages, facing technical and economic challenges for their scale-up, questioning their viability to truly instill a timely impact on global CO 2 emissions. Furthermore, a clear environmental benefit should be obtained for the new processes versus the traditional ones they are replacing in the market. In this perspective, we examine the range of available technologies for direct CO 2 conversion using thermal, electrical, and photochemical routes and mineralization including the advancements in their role in synthesizing a range of resulting products from methanol, methane, carbon monoxide, and solid carbonates. We offer insights on the trends in current research and development and the required direction to expedite the technological readiness of attractive CO 2 conversion technologies in terms of catalytic material and reactor design. We also highlight the important role of modeling (molecular and process levels) as an enabling tool to deploy these technologies at the commercial scale originating from understanding their behavior at the molecular level. Lastly, we highlight the significance of carrying out reliable life cycle analysis in identifying the environmental hotspots as well as gaps in the technology that allows improving their environmental footprint and economic attractiveness.

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Section: Research Directions To Move Co2 Conversion Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO₂ Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Vega,

Bahamon,

Alkhatib

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Theoretical investigation of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol catalyzed on Pd-Ga bimetallic catalysts: Insights into the effects of Ga in different coordination environments

Liang,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Applied Surface Science

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Electrochemical Oxidation of Low-Concentration Methane on Pt/Pt and Pt/CP under Ambient Conditions

Wu,

Rankin,

Golovko

2024

ACS Omega

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Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and its rapid conversion at low concentrations under ambient conditions is a challenging process where combustion is not an option. Herein, we report an electrochemical method to address this problem. It was achieved by applying an oxidation potential to electrochemically activate methane followed by conducting an anodic cyclic voltammogram to fully oxidize activated methane to carbon dioxide on platinized Pt mesh (Pt/Pt) and carbon paper (Pt/CP). This "dynamic potential" oxidation approach enabled methane conversion with low energy consumption, thanks to the low activation potential. Effects of various experimental conditions (applied potential, reaction time, and methane concentration) were investigated. Pure methane and methane/nitrogen gas mixtures containing a series of low concentrations of methane were tested. It was found that methane conversion is independent of its concentration on both Pt/Pt and Pt/CP. Compared to Pt/Pt electrocatalysis, Pt/CP displayed approximately 10 times higher catalytic activity, which can be attributed to the stronger binding of intermediate CO* to Pt, leading to easier CO* activation in the presence of a carbon substrate. Carbon dioxide was the only compound detected during the electro-oxidation phase for Pt/Pt, while for Pt/CP, carbon dioxide and a small amount of formic acid (after 15 h reaction) were observed. Electrocatalytic conversion of methane to carbon dioxide on Pt/CP using 0.5% methane was measured, giving a methane conversion rate of 7.5 × 10 −8 mol L −1 s −1 m −2 , while the methane conversion rate on Pt/Pt with 1% methane was only 8.3 × 10 −9 mol L −1 s −1 m −2 .

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Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Cited by 3 publications

References 341 publications

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO₂ Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO₂ Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Theoretical investigation of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol catalyzed on Pd-Ga bimetallic catalysts: Insights into the effects of Ga in different coordination environments

Electrochemical Oxidation of Low-Concentration Methane on Pt/Pt and Pt/CP under Ambient Conditions

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Hydrogen Production and Synthesis Gas Reactions

Cited by 3 publications

References 341 publications

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO2 Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO2 Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Theoretical investigation of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol catalyzed on Pd-Ga bimetallic catalysts: Insights into the effects of Ga in different coordination environments

Electrochemical Oxidation of Low-Concentration Methane on Pt/Pt and Pt/CP under Ambient Conditions

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Product

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Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO₂ Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy

Perspectives on Advancing Sustainable CO₂ Conversion Processes: Trinomial Technology, Environment, and Economy