Hydrogen Production from Lignin-Water Solution by Electrolysis

Lalvani, Shashi B.; Rajagopal, P.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1993.47.4.283

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The reaction is also important for the formation of phenolic substructures which are degraded in the initial phase under milder conditions in the case of high-yield pulping and yield vanillin. The electrooxidation of lignin for the production of vanillin was also reported (Smith et al 1989;Lalvani and Rajagopal 1993;Parpot et al 2000). But even in this case, the cleavage of non-phenolic b-O-4 substructure is a key reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Studies on electrooxidation of lignin and lignin model compounds. Part 1: Direct electrooxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds

Shiraishi

Takano²,

Kamitakahara³

et al. 2012

Holzforschung

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The direct anodic oxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds was investigated to understand their basic behaviors. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies of monomeric model, such as 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, are interpreted as the oxidation for C a -carbonylation did not proceed in the reaction without a catalyst, but a base promotes this reaction. Indeed, the bulk electrolyses of the monomeric lignin model compounds with 2,6-lutidine afforded the corresponding C a -carbonyl compounds in high yields (60-80%). It is suggested that deprotonation at C a -H in the ECEC mechanism (Eselectron transfer and Cschemical step) is important for C a -carbonylation. In the uncatalyzed bulk electrolysis of a b-O-4 model dimeric compound, 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-b-guaiacyl ether, the corresponding C a -carbonyl compound was not detected but as a result of C a -C b cleavage 4-O-ethylvanillin was found in 40% yield. In the electrolysis reaction in the presence of 2,6-lutidine (as a sterically hindered light base), the reaction stopped for a short time unexpectedly. These results indicate the different electrochemical behavior of simple monomeric model compounds and dimeric b-O-4 models. The conclusion is that direct electrooxidation is unsuitable for C a -carbonylation of lignin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Studies on electrooxidation of lignin and lignin model compounds. Part 1: Direct electrooxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds

Shiraishi

Takano²,

Kamitakahara³

et al. 2012

Holzforschung

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“…Between the late 80'sa nd 2009, many studies were reported for the electrochemical degradation of lignin as at reatment methodf or industrial wastewater streamst hat contain lignin, [77][78][79][80] lignin-enhanced water electrolysis, [81] and hydrogen production. [82][83][84][85] Still others used electrocatalysis as aw ay to modify lignin via nitriding, [86] silylation, phosphorylation, and fluorination to enhancet he number of active functional groups and consequently the lignin reactivity. [87] The degradation of lignin to form value-added products such as vanillin was also studied using various electrode types such as Pt, Au, Ni, Cu, DSA-O 2 , [88] PbO 2 , [88,89] BDD (boron-doped diamond), [90] Ti/Ru 0.1 Sn 0.2 Ti 0.7 O 2 , [91] and photoassisted electrocatalysis [91] as well as using mediators (K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) to enhance electron transfer, [92,93] and nitroaromatic oxidants to lower reactiont emperatures.…”

Section: Electrocatalytic Treatment Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

et al. 2020

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Lignin valorization is essential for biorefineries to produce fuels and chemicals for a sustainable future. Today's biorefineries pursue profitable value propositions for cellulose and hemicellulose; however, lignin is typically used mainly for its thermal energy value. To enhance the profit potential for biorefineries, lignin valorization would be a necessary practice. Lignin valorization is greatly advantaged when biomass carbon is retained in the fuel and chemical products and when energy quality is enhanced by electrochemical upgrading. Though lignin upgrading and valorization are very desirable in principle, many barriers involved in lignin pretreatment, extraction, and depolymerization must be overcome to unlock its full potential. This Review addresses the electrochemical transformation of various lignins with the aim of gaining a better understanding of many of the barriers that currently exist in such technologies. These studies give insight into electrochemical lignin depolymerization and upgrading to value‐added commodities with the end goal of achieving a global low‐carbon circular economy.

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“…[37] The polymerization of lignin monomers can occur via radical coupling reactions, [10,38,39] or through intermolecular condensation reactions at lower temperatures and in less alkaline conditions. [40] The addition of lignin to anode aqueous solutions not only results in lignin oxidation but also lowers the potential needed for electrolytic hydrogen production at the cathode. [40,41] The reactions of lignin(L)-assisted water electrolysis are shown in the following half-cell reactions [Eq.…”

Section: The Reactions In Direct Electrooxidation Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40] The addition of lignin to anode aqueous solutions not only results in lignin oxidation but also lowers the potential needed for electrolytic hydrogen production at the cathode. [40,41] The reactions of lignin(L)-assisted water electrolysis are shown in the following half-cell reactions [Eq. (1)-(3)]:…”

Section: The Reactions In Direct Electrooxidation Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

et al. 2020

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Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatic compounds, making the recovery of aromatic compounds from this material a significant scientific goal. Recently, many studies have reported on lignin depolymerization and upgrading strategies. Electrochemical approaches are considered to be low cost, reagent free, and environmentally friendly, and can be carried out under mild reaction conditions. In this Review, different electrochemical lignin conversion strategies, including electrooxidation, electroreduction, hybrid electro‐oxidation and reduction, and combinations of electrochemical and other processes (e. g., biological, solar) for lignin depolymerization and upgrading are discussed in detail. In addition to lignin conversion, electrochemical lignin fractionation from biomass and black liquor is also briefly discussed. Finally, the outlook and challenges for electrochemical lignin conversion are presented.

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Hydrogen Production from Lignin-Water Solution by Electrolysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Studies on electrooxidation of lignin and lignin model compounds. Part 1: Direct electrooxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds

Studies on electrooxidation of lignin and lignin model compounds. Part 1: Direct electrooxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds

Greener Routes to Biomass Waste Valorization: Lignin Transformation Through Electrocatalysis for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Production

Electrochemical Lignin Conversion

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