Hydrogen Production Methods

Dinçer, İbrahim; Joshi, Anand S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7431-9_2

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

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Hydrogen‐Powered Aircraft

Schutte

Payan

Briceño

et al. 2015

Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering

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Hydrogen is the most abundant species on Earth. It may be obtained from a variety of sources and may be compressed to cryogenic temperatures for ease of handling and distribution. The only products resulting from the combustion of liquid hydrogen are nitrogen oxides and water vapor whose effects on climate may be mitigated by optimizing cruising altitudes and mixture conditions in the combustion chamber. As such, hydrogen is a promising aviation fuel that addresses both the environmental and air quality problems associated with conventional jet fuels and the depletion of fossil resources. Nevertheless, several technical challenges remain. Although liquid hydrogen has a greater specific energy density compared to conventional jet fuels, it also has a four times smaller volumetric energy density. This poses a unique challenge for the efficient design of hydrogen‐powered aircraft and associated fuel systems. Finally, the wide use of liquid hydrogen as an aviation fuel requires further development of materials and tanks for its efficient distribution and storage at cryogenic temperatures, the development of heat exchange systems for engine cooling, and the efficient control of thermal stresses on structural components.

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Hydrogen‐Powered Aircraft

Schutte

Payan

Briceño

et al. 2015

Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering

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Bioaugmentation enhances dark fermentative hydrogen production in cultures exposed to short-term temperature fluctuations

Okonkwo

Escudié

Bernet

et al. 2019

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Hydrogen-producing mixed cultures were subjected to a 48-h downward or upward temperature fluctuation from 55 to 35 or 75°C. Hydrogen production was monitored during the fluctuations and for three consecutive batch cultivations at 55°C to evaluate the impact of temperature fluctuations and bioaugmentation with synthetic mixed culture of known H 2 producers either during or after the fluctuation. Without augmentation, H 2 production was significantly reduced during the downward temperature fluctuation and no H 2 was produced during the upward fluctuation. H 2 production improved significantly during temperature fluctuation when bioaugmentation was applied to cultures exposed to downward or upward temperatures. However, when bioaugmentation was applied after the fluctuation, i.e., when the cultures were returned to 55°C, the H 2 yields obtained were between 1.6 and 5% higher than when bioaugmentation was applied during the fluctuation. Thus, the results indicate the usefulness of bioaugmentation in process recovery, especially if bioaugmentation time is optimised.

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