Hydrogen production via supercritical water gasification of almond shell over algal and agricultural hydrochars as catalysts

Safari, Farid; Javanı, Nader; Yumurtacı, Zehra

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.05.102

Cited by 112 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Its utilization as a stable energy-rich solid fuel in combustion processes is widely recognized [ 28 ]. However, in recent years, other uses of the hydrochar have emerged: it can be exploited as a soil amendment and nutrient source, as low-cost adsorbent for contaminants in aqueous solutions, for the generation of nano-structured materials [ 62 ], as precursor for activated carbons [ 63 ], as a catalyst [ 64 ], as well as for CO 2 sorption and sequestration [ 65 ]. Moreover, hydrochar has been applied in the AD process to promote the biomethane production, by acting both as support for bacteria colonies, conductor for electron transfer among species, sorbent for indirect inhibitors, and reactant in chars labile carbon methanization [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Langone

Basso

2020

IJERPH

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an innovative process capable of converting wet biodegradable residues into value-added materials, such as hydrochar. HTC has been studied for decades, however, a lack of detailed information on the production and composition of the process water has been highlighted by several authors. In this paper the state of the art of the knowledge on this by-product is analyzed, with attention to HTC applied to municipal and agro-industrial anaerobic digestion digestate. The chemical and physical characteristics of the process water obtained at different HTC conditions are compared along with pH, color, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals and toxic compounds. The possibility of recovering nutrients and other valorization pathways is analyzed and technical feasibility constraints are reported. Finally, the paper describes the main companies which are investing actively in proposing HTC technology towards improving an effective process water valorization.

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Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Langone

Basso

2020

IJERPH

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“…This gives a deeper insight in view of the conversion of the real biomass (Behnia et al, 2016;Correa and Kruse, 2018). But, the use of complex biomass types, and the interactions amongst their different components are usually different because the variable operating conditions of the process such as pressure (Safari et al, 2018), temperature (Amrullah and Matsumura, 2018;Safari et al, 2018), type of cooling regime (Zhang and Zhang, 2017), residence time (Safari et al, 2018), catalyst (Rana et al, 2018) and concentration can alter the composition of the gas and lead to the formation of solids (Calzavara et al, 2005;Yanik et al, 2007).…”

Section: Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the application of supercritical water technology for the conversion of biomass into hydrogen guarantees the development of sustainable energy and its use becomes more competitive for the production of biofuels. To this is the added advantage of an efficient use of catalysts in supercritical water to increase the conversion of biomass into soluble polar organic compounds which in the supercritical state result in high yields of synthesis gas at moderate temperatures (Azadi and Farnood, 2011; Dimitriadis and Bezergianni, 2017;Peng et al, 2017;Safari et al, 2018;Yanik et al, 2007). A proposal that is advantageous for the process of gasification in supercritical water is the generation of two phases which originate as a result of the depressurization of the system (a synthesis gas phase and an aqueous phase with the polar organic compounds that were not gasified).…”

Section: Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of research trends in the enhancement of biomass-to-hydrogen conversion

et al. 2018

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Different types of biomass are being examined for their optimum hydrogen production potentials and actual hydrogen yields in different experimental setups and through different chemical synthetic routes. In this review, the observations emanating from research findings on the assessment of hydrogen synthesis kinetics during fermentation and gasification of different types of biomass substrates have been concisely surveyed from selected publications. This review revisits the recent progress reported in biomass-based hydrogen synthesis in the 2 associated disciplines of microbial cell immobilization, bioreactor design and analysis, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted and ionic liquid-assisted biomass pretreatments, development of new microbial strains, integrated production schemes, applications of nanocatalysis, subcritical and supercritical water processing, use of algae-based substrates and lastly inhibitor detoxification. The main observations from this review are that cell immobilization assists in optimizing the biomass fermentation performance by enhancing bead size, providing for adequate cell loading and improving mass transfer; there are novel and more potent bacterial and fungal strains which improve the fermentation process and impact on hydrogen yields positively; application of microwave irradiation and sonication and the use of ionic liquids in biomass pretreatment bring about enhanced delignification, and that supercritical water biomass processing and dosing with metal-based nanoparticles also assist in enhancing the kinetics of hydrogen synthesis. The research areas discussed in this work and their respective impacts on hydrogen synthesis from biomass are arguably standalone. Thence, further work is still required to explore the possibilities and techno-economic implications of combining these areas for developing robust and integrated biomass-to-hydrogen synthetic schemes.

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“…Prior studies have shown other advantages of hydrochar, such as hydrophobic properties [3] and a lower ash content [4] . Currently, the hydrochar is used as a biofuel in boilers and stoves [5] , as a precursor of activated carbon [6] , catalysts [7] , capacitors, among others [8,9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study and Validation of a Kinetic Scheme for Hydrothermal Carbonization Reactions

Vallejo

Díaz-Robles

Poblete

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This study presents a new kinetic scheme for the mass yield prediction of waste lignocellulosic biomasses treated by Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC). The proposed reactions are based on the decomposition, solubilization, and polymerization of each main fraction of the biomass: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The ash content was assumed to be inert. The kinetic parameters have been obtained by non-linear adjustment using a data set with 220 experimental runs collected from the literature. The results indicate that the pre-exponential factors range was from 7.33 x101 to 1.412x105 min-1, and activation energies were between 33.75 y 225.3 kJ/mol. A good fit is achieved between the observed and predicted data with an R2 of 0.81 and an RMSE of 7.7 %. The proposed scheme was validated with the experimental data obtained by the HTC of sawdust (Pinus radiata) and rapeseed (Brassica napus). The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 190, 220, and 250 ºC and reaction times of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The predicted values showed an average error of 2.3 and 3.5 %, respectively. Therefore, the kinetic scheme is a useful tool in the conversion analysis of waste biomass treated by HTC.

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Hydrogen production via supercritical water gasification of almond shell over algal and agricultural hydrochars as catalysts

Cited by 112 publications

References 31 publications

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways

A review of research trends in the enhancement of biomass-to-hydrogen conversion

Experimental Study and Validation of a Kinetic Scheme for Hydrothermal Carbonization Reactions

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