Hydrogen Purification from Compact Palladium Membrane Module Using a Low Temperature Diffusion Bonding Technology

Abstract

This study investigates a compact palladium membrane module (CPMM) for hydrogen purification, assembled by diffusion bonding at a low-temperature (450 °C). This CPMM resulted in hydrogen (H2) flux of 18.3 mL cm−2 min−1 with H2/N2 selectivity of over 1100. The H2 purification test using a 60% H2/40% CO2 mixed gas confirmed that the CPMM can separate H2 with a concentration of more than 99%, with a pressure difference of 5 bar. Moreover, the volume of the diffusion bonded membrane module is decreased by 81.4% than the flame-type membrane module pre-studied in our laboratory.

Graphene-Coated Halloysite Nanoclay Membrane for the Enhanced Separation of Hydrogen from a Hydrogen–Helium Mixture

“…A waste stream containing hydrogen and helium is used to vent in the atmosphere. Hydrogen gas separation using PSA; cryogenic distillation; and selective permeation through various membranes like metals, polymers, and dense MIEC are already in use. Usually, Pd-based dense metallic membranes are used for the separation of H 2 from its mixture.…”

“…Usually, Pd-based dense metallic membranes are used for the separation of H 2 from its mixture. Compared with other materials, the use of palladium (Pd) membrane is limited by the higher cost of Pd, , and also, it needs a preactivation temperature of ∼450 °C. , Considering these points, in this work, a clay-based membrane has been developed that has a comparatively low cost and is suitable for room temperature hydrogen separation application. On the other hand, He is being increasingly used in the medical field in critical productions in MRI units and is also widely used in leak detection in vacuum systems and as a coolant in gas-cooled nuclear reactors, etc. − The demand for helium in both gaseous and liquid forms has thus grown.…”

Promising Isotope Effect in Pd77Ag23 for Hydrogen Separation

“…Reactors based on Pd-Ag alloys have had large applications and many technologies have been applied to improve their performances. For example, a different range of pressure of the H 2 -N 2 atmosphere has been considered for their application [27] and low temperature bonding has been proved to give good sealing properties [28]. Moreover, on-site repair was exploited [29], various types of nanostructuring of the surfaces were considered [30,31], and the extraction of H 2 from biomaterials was achieved [32].…”

Mechanocatalytic Hydrogenolysis of the Lignin Model Dimer Benzyl Phenyl Ether over Supported Palladium Catalysts

“…Hydrogenolysis specifically targets the cleavage of carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds, followed by stabilization via the addition of an H atom. − Homogenous catalysts can effectively cleave ether bonds in lignin, but difficult separations and low product purity are common disadvantages . Alternatively, solid catalysts, such as supported Ni, Pd, or Pt, allow for easier separation under reasonably mild conditions, but contacting them with a solid feedstock like lignin that is insoluble in most common solvents is a significant challenge. ,,− Pd was specifically chosen as the primary active metal for this study due to its ability to form interstitial hydrides as a hydrogen storage reservoir, which is advantageous in facilitating hydrogenolysis reactions. − …”

“…These immobilized hydrogen species are expected to be more readily available for reactions during the impact of a ball because they cannot escape to the sides like gaseous H 2 would. Interstitial hydride formation has been extensively used for Pd membranes for H 2 separation. − ,, At the surface of Pd membranes or particles, H 2 is able to dissociate into H atoms, which allows hydrogen to easily diffuse into the Pd particle. ,, These singular H atoms can then be combined with other molecules or compounds on the Pd surface. Many other metals, such a Pt and Ti, can form surface hydrides, but facile hydrogen diffusion into the particle is unique to Pd.…”