Hydrogen refuelling station calibration with a traceable gravimetric standard

Maury, Rémy; Auclercq, C.; Devilliers, C.; Huu, M.A. de; Büker, Oliver; MacDonald, M.

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101743

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The filling sequence is as shown on the legend, starting with 20 to 700 bar, then 20 to 350 bar, 350 to 700 bar etc. This is the same sequence followed in the test programme carried out by CESAME and Air Liquide during the MetroHyVe 1 project [2]. As expected, the predicted error ranges are broadly consistent with the results for "Configuration 1" stations in the field verifications.…”

Section: Nosupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The need for this tool was recognised after surveying HRS operators in the first MetroHyVe project and observing that: 1) there are major differences in design between HRS, 2) certain aspects of the design can lead to large errors at the dispenser, and 3) although it is possible to apply corrections to eliminate some major sources of billing error, these corrections are not applied in many HRS. Evidence of this is provided by field verifications performed during the project [2]; measurements at seven different HRS showed that the stations studied could be categorised either as "Configuration 1" or "Configuration 2", where the Configuration 1 stations displayed distinctive error trends dominated by uncorrected "dead volume" effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Measurement uncertainty tool for HRS dispensers

MacDonald¹,

Glen²,

Huu³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022 on Flow Measurement - FLOMEKO 2022

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Verifications of hydrogen refuelling stations have shown that variations in the station design and operation can greatly influence accuracy at the dispenser, and there are sources of error unrelated to the flow meter which if uncorrected make it difficult to achieve the accuracy requirements of OIML R-139. To improve dissemination of knowledge in this area, an interactive measurement uncertainty tool has been developed which allows the user to specify a range of different station configurations and filling scenarios to estimate the resulting errors at the dispenser. This is intended to serve as a basis for HRS manufacturers to improve HRS designs with respect to billing accuracy and to assist notified bodies in understanding uncertainty contributions from an HRS and the corrections required. This paper describes the initial version of the HRS uncertainty tool, explaining the inputs required from the user, the sources of measurement uncertainty considered, how the flow meter behaviour is modelled, and which calculations are implemented.

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Section: Nosupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measurement uncertainty tool for HRS dispensers

MacDonald¹,

Glen²,

Huu³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022 on Flow Measurement - FLOMEKO 2022

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“…Several studies have investigated how to inspect and verify such accuracies of flow measurements under hydrogen-filling operating conditions at hydrogen refueling stations. It should also be noted that several portable gravimetric standards in national metrology institutes and the manufacturing companies of hydrogen dispensers in several countries have been developed for field verification according to the international recommendation for hydrogen refueling stations [6,7]. In a cooperative project for hydrogen vehicles by several European national metrology institutes, mobile gravimetric standards for verifying the measurements by the flowmeters inside the hydrogen dispensers were developed [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a cooperative project for hydrogen vehicles by several European national metrology institutes, mobile gravimetric standards for verifying the measurements by the flowmeters inside the hydrogen dispensers were developed [8]. Several hydrogen refueling stations were tested in Europe using the gravimetric standard developed during this project for the purpose of research related to the MPE acceptance criteria as defined in OIML R 139-1, which is the international recommendation [6][7][8]. The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) also developed a Hydrogen Field Test Standard (HFTS) that can be used for the field verification and calibration of the measurement accuracy of the mass flowmeters used at hydrogen refueling stations, as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of a Calibration Method of Coriolis Mass Flowmeters by Density- and Pressure-Matching Approaches for Hydrogen Refueling Stations

et al. 2022

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Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles are emerging as a means of transportation using renewable and carbon-free energy due to global warming and air pollution. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles are typically refueled at a wide range of temperatures (−40 °C to 85 °C) in hydrogen refueling stations in accordance with globally accepted standards. Currently, there is no traceable method by which to verify and calibrate the Coriolis mass flowmeters used at hydrogen refueling stations, except for a water calibration process as a conventional method for mass flowrate calibration. To verify the hydrogen flow metering to a suitable level of accuracy under the challenging condition of high pressures and a wide range of temperatures, necessary methodologies and calibration facilities are developed in the present study. A flow measurement characteristic test of the hydrogen mass flowmeter under identical density conditions of the refueled hydrogen was conducted using the high-pressure gas flow standard system of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science to assess the effects on the medium and pressure of the mass flowmeter in a density-matching approach. To investigate the pressure dependence of the mass flowmeter at a hydrogen refueling station, a high-pressure water flow test was conducted in the pressure range of 2 bar to 700 bar, which is a pressure-matching approach. Finally, the KRISS Hydrogen Field Test Standard based on the gravimetric principle was developed to verify the measurement accuracy of the mass flowmeter to be used at hydrogen refueling stations for the first time in Korea.

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