Hydrogen-rich natural gas hydrates formation kinetics in the presence of promoters

Energy Storage in Hydrates: Status, Recent Trends, and Future Prospects

“…sI/sII hydrates were formed with varying compositions of methane/ethane at 6 MPa/265.2 K and then pressurized with hydrogen at moderate pressures of 3 MPa/265.2 K. Further, varying methane/ethane gas compositions along with hydrogen was employed directly for hydrate formation at 9 MPa/265.2 K. Raman signatures depicted hydrogen occupancy in all cages (5 12 , 5 12 6 2 , and 5 12 6 4 cages) of hydrogen/natural gas hydrates. Pandey et al 126 investigated the kinetics of hydrogen rich natural gas hydrate formation: hydrogen gas concentration in the range of 33 to 80% in the HRNG (hydrogen rich natural gas) feed gas. They reported that kinetic promoters, SDS and methionine were effective in enhancing the hydrate formation at low hydrogen compositions (33 mol %), and thermodynamic promoters, THF and 1,3-dioxolane were effective in enhancing the hydrate formation at higher hydrogen compositions of 70− 80%.…”

“…All of the hydrate structures including sII, sH, and semi-clathrates shall be considered and looked into for enhancing the storage capacity. Pandey et al 126 in their work proposed different measures to improve hydrogen storage in hydrates. These measures are provided in Figure 8, reproduced from their work.…”

“…Pandey et al investigated the kinetics of hydrogen rich natural gas hydrate formation: hydrogen gas concentration in the range of 33 to 80% in the HRNG (hydrogen rich natural gas) feed gas. They reported that kinetic promoters, SDS and methionine were effective in enhancing the hydrate formation at low hydrogen compositions (33 mol %), and thermodynamic promoters, THF and 1,3-dioxolane were effective in enhancing the hydrate formation at higher hydrogen compositions of 70–80%.…”

“…Measures to improve hydrogen content in mixed hydrogen hydrates. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright, 2022 Elsevier…”

Methane and hydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates

“…Likewise, H. Lu et al [350] also reported multiple H2 occupancy in sII hydrates using N2 as a gaseous thermodynamic promoter. Recent research conducted by Ahn et al [351], Moon et al [352], and Pandey et al [353] has revealed that a combination of CH4 and C2H6 serves as a gaseous thermodynamic promoter, enhancing H2 storage within the hydrate under moderate operational conditions. These mixtures also showed to increase the overall energy density by accommodating multiple H2 molecules in the larger cages.…”