Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems

Preuster, Patrick; Алексеев, А. С.; Wasserscheid, Peter

doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101334

Cited by 318 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…By applying the OxFA process to waste biomasses, for example fermentation residues from biogas plants, a source of a biogenic energy carrier and a base chemical that seemed impossible in the near past becomes possible. This particular application make an important contribution to the energy system in rural areas by converting these waste biomasses on‐site and using the energy by converting the FA to hydrogen and thus to electrical energy . The carbon dioxide byproduct is biogenic as well and should be fed back to produce new biomass as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Future Perspectives For the Conversion Of Biogenic Formic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This particular application make an importantc ontribution to the energy system in rural areas by converting these waste biomasses on-site and using the energyb yc onverting the FA to hydrogen and thus to electrical energy. [81] Thec arbon dioxide byproduct is biogenic as well and should be fed back to produce new biomass as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Catalytic Decomposition Of Bio-based Formic Acid Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogenic Formic Acid as a Green Hydrogen Carrier

Preuster

Albert

2018

Energy Tech

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Formic acid (FA) is an important platform chemical that has numerous applications in the chemical and agricultural industries, as well as in the leather industry. To date, FA is exclusively produced from fossil raw materials using either carbonylation of methanol or acidolysis of formates. Here, sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to produce biogenic FA from biomass (e.g., OxFA‐process) are presented and combined with different approaches for the catalytic decomposition of bio‐based FA solutions. Several homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches for the catalytic decomposition of aqueous FA to hydrogen and CO2 are compared for their applicability. Moreover, their technical applications in fuel cells, as energy storage vectors, and as hydrogen storage molecules are discussed.

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Section: Future Perspectives For the Conversion Of Biogenic Formic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalytic Decomposition Of Bio-based Formic Acid Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic Formic Acid as a Green Hydrogen Carrier

Preuster

Albert

2018

Energy Tech

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“…Investment costs of 1000 € kW −1 would seem reasonable for the not‐too‐distant future (2030) . Typical costs of hydrogen by electrolysis are now reported to be 3 € kg −1 , whereas costs of 2 and 1 € kg −1 are foreseen for 2030 and 2050 respectively . Costs of purification of water before electrolysis are considered part of the costs hydrogen production.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm‐scale bio‐power‐to‐methane: Comparative analyses of economic and environmental feasibility

et al. 2019

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Summary Power‐to‐gas technologies are considered to be part of the future energy system, but their viability and applicability need to be assessed. Therefore, models for the viability of farm‐scale bio‐power‐to‐methane supply chains to produce green gas were analysed in terms of levelised cost of energy, energy efficiency and saving of greenhouse gas emission. In bio‐power‐to‐methane, hydrogen from electrolysis driven by surplus renewable electricity and carbon dioxide from biogas are converted to methane by microbes in an ex situ trickle‐bed reactor. Such bio‐methanation could replace the current upgrading of biogas to green gas with membrane technology. Four scenarios were compared: a reference scenario without bio‐methanation (A), bio‐methanation (B), bio‐methanation combined with membrane upgrading (C) and the latter with use of renewable energy only (all‐green; D). The reference scenario (A) has the lowest costs for green gas production, but the bio‐methanation scenarios (B‐D) have higher energy efficiencies and environmental benefits. The higher costs of the bio‐methanation scenarios are largely due to electrolysis, whereas the environmental benefits are due to the use of renewable electricity. Only the all‐green scenario (D) meets the 2026 EU goal of 80% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but it would require a CO2 price of 200 € t−1 to achieve the levelised cost of energy of 65 €ct Nm−3 of the reference scenario. Inclusion of the intermittency of renewable energy in the scenarios substantially increases the costs. Further greening of the bio‐methanation supply chain and how intermittency is best taken into account need further investigation.

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“…As substrate for biological fermentations, it overcomes mass transfer limitations of gaseous substrates such as synthesis gas [4]. In addition, formate can be utilized as hydrogen storage system coupled to downstream hydrogen release or serve directly as electron source for a fuel cell device [5, 6]. Replacing fossil fuels as energy carrier requires alternatives that combine sustainable production, high volumetric energy density, easy and fast refueling for mobile applications, and preferably low risk of hazard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation of CO2 at ambient pressure catalyzed by a highly active thermostable biocatalyst

Schwarz

Schuchmann

Müller

2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

116

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BackgroundReplacing fossil fuels as energy carrier requires alternatives that combine sustainable production, high volumetric energy density, easy and fast refueling for mobile applications, and preferably low risk of hazard. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been considered as promising alternative; however, practical application is struggling because of the low volumetric energy density and the explosion hazard when stored in large amounts. One way to overcome these limitations is the transient conversion of H2 into other chemicals with increased volumetric energy density and lower risk hazard, for example so-called liquid organic hydrogen carriers such as formic acid/formate that is obtained by hydrogenation of CO2. Many homogenous and heterogenous chemical catalysts have been described in the past years, however, often requiring high pressures and temperatures. Recently, the first biocatalyst for this reaction has been described opening the route to a biotechnological alternative for this conversion.ResultsThe hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR) is a highly active biocatalyst for storing H2 in the form of formic acid/formate by reversibly catalyzing the hydrogenation of CO2. We report the identification, isolation, and characterization of the first thermostable HDCR operating at temperatures up to 70 °C. The enzyme was isolated from the thermophilic acetogenic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui and displays exceptionally high activities in both reaction directions, substantially exceeding known chemical catalysts. CO2 hydrogenation is catalyzed at mild conditions with a turnover frequency of 9,556,000 h−1 (specific activity of 900 µmol formate min−1 mg−1) and the reverse reaction, H2 + CO2 release from formate, is catalyzed with a turnover frequency of 9,892,000 h−1 (930 µmol H2 min−1 mg−1). The HDCR of T. kivui consists of a [FeFe] hydrogenase subunit putatively coupled to a tungsten-dependent CO2 reductase/formate dehydrogenase subunit by an array of iron–sulfur clusters.ConclusionsThe discovery of the first thermostable HDCR provides a promising biological alternative for a chemically challenging reaction and might serve as model for the better understanding of catalysts able to efficiently reduce CO2. The catalytic activity for reversible CO2 hydrogenation of this enzyme is the highest activity known for bio- and chemical catalysts and requiring only ambient temperatures and pressures. The thermostability provides more flexibility regarding the process parameters for a biotechnological application.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-018-1236-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems

Cited by 318 publications

References 102 publications

Biogenic Formic Acid as a Green Hydrogen Carrier

Biogenic Formic Acid as a Green Hydrogen Carrier

Farm‐scale bio‐power‐to‐methane: Comparative analyses of economic and environmental feasibility

Hydrogenation of CO2 at ambient pressure catalyzed by a highly active thermostable biocatalyst

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