Hydrogen sulfide poisoning: Clarification of some controversial issues

Milby, Thomas H.; Baselt, Randall C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199902)35:2<192::aid-ajim11>3.3.co;2-3

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…As it is produced in large quantities when sulfur-containing proteinaceous materials undergo putrefaction, it is often referred to as "swamp gas" or "sewer gas." Industrial sources of H 2 S include pulp and paper operations, tanneries, mining, and petroleum refineries [910,911]. There is a multitude of toxicological data in experimental animals and humans demonstrating the adverse effects of H 2 S, with effects ranging from mild eye irritation (at low doses) to pulmonary injury (at higher doses) to the characteristic "knockdown effect" (loss of consciousness, cardiopulmonary arrest, asphyxiation), which is generally estimated to be in the range of 1000 ppm (0.1%) [912][913][914][915][916].…”

Section: Production and Biological Effects Of H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH₂Sand their Prodrugs

Szabó

2010

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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Nitric oxide ( NO ), carbon monoxide ( CO ), and hydrogen sulfide ( H 2 S ) are the main endogenous gasotransmitters. These gases are produced by the body by enzymatic reactions and serve physiological regulatory purposes including vasodilatation and anti‐inflammatory effects. Over the past decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of these three gasotransmitters, based on inhalation of the gases and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of various formulations of these molecules or their prodrugs. Here we overview the medicinal chemistry and the therapeutic applications of NO, CO, and H 2 S and their prodrugs. Inhaled NO is used clinically to selectively dilate the pulmonary vasculature in the therapy of the primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Organic nitrates such as glyceryl trinitrate or nitroglycerin are used in the therapy of acute and chronic angina. Sodium nitroprusside is used to counteract acute hypertensive crisis. Another class of clinical‐stage NO donor drugs is the sydnonimines (molsidomine, linsidomine). Additional classes of NO donors include diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) and S ‐nitrosothiols, with beneficial effects in various preclinical models of disease. With respect to CO, the main therapeutic approaches are CO inhalation (currently in clinical trials for the experimental therapy of delayed graft function associated with kidney transplantation) and carbon monoxide releasing compounds of various classes (in preclinical stage). With respect to H 2 S, a parenteral injectable formulation of the gas is currently is Phase I trials. Several classes of H 2 S donor molecules have also been identified, which are used in preclinical studies.

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Section: Production and Biological Effects Of H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH₂Sand their Prodrugs

Szabó

2010

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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“…Workplace exposure to hydrogen sulphide usually involves higher concentrations. Rapid and deadly onset of clinical effects can produce a “knockdown” phenomenon 13 14 15…”

Section: Emq Answersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like cyanide, it inhibits intracellular cytochrome oxidase but is more potent. The resulting disruption to cellular oxidative phosphorylation causes increased lactate production, metabolic acidosis and systemic effects 13 14 15…”

Section: Emq Answersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulmonary oedema can develop at concentrations >250 ppm. Rapid loss of consciousness occurs at exposures above 700 ppm and death is imminent if the patient is not promptly removed from the source of exposure 13 14 15…”

Section: Emq Answersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These antidotal treatments should only be considered in severe cases unresponsive to optimum supportive care. These treatments should not delay the establishment of supportive measures 13 14 15…”

Section: Emq Answersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergency Medicine Questions (EMQs): Theme: Chemical injury

Davey¹,

Alfred²,

Huynh³

et al. 2009

Emergency Medicine Journal

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Rationally designed fluorescently labeled sulfate‐binding protein mutants: Evaluation in the development of a sensing system for sulfate

Shrestha

Salins

Ensor

et al. 2002

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Periplasmic binding proteins from E. coli undergo large conformational changes upon binding their respective ligands. By attaching a fluorescent probe at rationally selected unique sites on the protein, these conformational changes in the protein can be monitored by measuring the changes in fluorescence intensity of the probe which allow the development of reagentless sensing systems for their corresponding ligands. In this work, we evaluated several sites on bacterial periplasmic sulfate-binding protein (SBP) for attachment of a fluorescent probe and rationally designed a reagentless sensing system for sulfate. Eight different mutants of SBP were prepared by employing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to introduce a unique cysteine residue at a specific location on the protein. The sites Gly55, Ser90, Ser129, Ala140, Leu145, Ser171, Val181, and Gly186 were chosen for mutagenesis by studying the three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure of SBP. An environment-sensitive fluorescent probe (MDCC) was then attached site-specifically to the protein through the sulfhydryl group of the unique cysteine residue introduced. Each fluorescent probe-conjugated SBP mutant was characterized in terms of its fluorescence properties and Ser171 was determined to be the best site for the attachment of the fluorescent probe that would allow for the development of a reagentless sensing system for sulfate. Three different environment-sensitive fluorescent probes (1,5-IAEDANS, MDCC, and acylodan) were studied with the SBP171 mutant protein. A calibration curve for sulfate was constructed using the labeled protein and relating the change in the fluorescence intensity with the amount of sulfate present in the sample. The detection limit for sulfate was found to be in the submicromolar range using this system. The selectivity of the sensing system was demonstrated by evaluating its response to other anions. A fast and selective sensing system with detection limits for sulfate in the submicromolar range was developed.

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Hydrogen sulfide poisoning: Clarification of some controversial issues

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH₂Sand their Prodrugs

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH₂Sand their Prodrugs

Emergency Medicine Questions (EMQs): Theme: Chemical injury

Rationally designed fluorescently labeled sulfate‐binding protein mutants: Evaluation in the development of a sensing system for sulfate

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Hydrogen sulfide poisoning: Clarification of some controversial issues

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH2Sand their Prodrugs

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH2Sand their Prodrugs

Emergency Medicine Questions (EMQs): Theme: Chemical injury

Rationally designed fluorescently labeled sulfate‐binding protein mutants: Evaluation in the development of a sensing system for sulfate

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Product

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Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH₂Sand their Prodrugs

Medicinal Chemistry and Therapeutic Applications of the GasotransmittersNO,CO, andH₂Sand their Prodrugs