Hydrogen Sulfide-Resistant Bifunctional Catalysts for the Steam Reforming of Methane: Activity and Structural Evolution

Effects of alloying for steam or dry reforming of methane: a review of recent studies

“…The reaction tests confirmed the core-shell structure: the core was a metallic NiFe alloy cluster; the shell was superparamagnetic γ-Fe 2 O 3 . They described that NiFe alloy provides high activity comparable to the commercial catalyst, and that the γ-Fe 2 O 3 shell was the active site for the decomposition of H 2 S to S. Konstantinov et al 68 Co-Ni. You et al 65 reported the role of Co addition to Ni/ Al 2 O 3 catalysts.…”

“…The reaction tests confirmed the core–shell structure: the core was a metallic NiFe alloy cluster; the shell was superparamagnetic γ-Fe 2 O 3 . They described that NiFe alloy provides high activity comparable to the commercial catalyst, and that the γ-Fe 2 O 3 shell was the active site for the decomposition of H 2 S to S. Konstantinov et al 68 reported that Ni-Fe alloy catalysts prepared by epitaxial coating on the commercial spherical γ-Al 2 O 3 showed high activity for SRM and showed resistance to H 2 S. Activity tests over Ni–Fe alloy catalysts and commercial SRM catalyst (NIAP 03-01) were conducted for 30 h with 30 ppm H 2 S. Although the activity of commercial NIAP 03–01 decreased after 10 h because of the H 2 S poisoning, that of Ni–Fe alloy catalyst remained high for 30 h. They assumed that the conversion of H 2 S to S occurred during the reaction. Subsequent XRD, TEM, and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe revealed that the catalyst after the activity tests contained MgFe 0.1 Al 1.9 O 4 spinel phase, metallic Ni, γ-FeNi, and FeAl 2 O 4 iron–aluminium spinel, but not sulphur-containing compounds.…”

Engineering heterogenous catalysts for chemical CO2 utilization: Lessons from thermal catalysis and advantages of yolk@shell structured nanoreactors

“…Other methods used to prevent poisoning include synergistic catalyst design to benefit from the sulphur resistances of several components [44][45][46] and varying the catalyst structure towards alloys, perovskites [47][48][49][50][51][52] or core@shell materials [53][54][55][56]. The core@shell materials achieved this resistance through physical separation of the H 2 S from the smaller reactants (i.e.…”

“…The core@shell materials achieved this resistance through physical separation of the H 2 S from the smaller reactants (i.e. H 2 , CO 2 , CO) or through the adaptation of the inert shell to include other materials that would bind to the S contaminant [53,56].…”