Hydrogenated amorphous carbon film coating of PET bottles for gas diffusion barriers

Boutroy, N.; Pernel, Yann; Rius, J.M.; Auger, Florence; Bardeleben, H. J. von; Cantin, J. L.; Abel, F.; Zeinert, A.; Casiraghi, Cinzia; Ferrari, AC; Robertson, John

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2005.10.049

Cited by 95 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Overall, these bands are characteristic of PLC structures and consistent with those reported in the literature. 9,11,12,23,24 In fact, better defined C-H bands were observed for the samples prepared at higher acetylene partial pressure and higher PECVD chamber pressure. As observed in other studies, 12 the a-C:H film structure can change from DLC to PLC as the total pressure is increased even at the same partial pressure of methane and argon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The effect of pressure and acetylene partial pressure on the structural characteristics of a-C:H films can be attributed to the impact energy of the ionic species generated in plasma. 9,10,19,24 It is established that the energy of incident ions decreases as the pressure increases and the mean free path decreases. 19 According to literature, 9 ions with sufficient energy to reach the surface of a-C:H films are inserted following the subplantation model.…”

Section: Raman Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of PECVD deposition parameters on the DLC/PLC composition of a-C:H thin films

Oliveira¹,

Cruz²,

Aguiar³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Filmes finos de carbono amorfo hidrogenado (a-C:H) têm sido depositados na superfície de materiais para melhorar propriedades mecânicas, ópticas e químicas. Nesse estudo, foi empregado o sistema de deposição química assistida por plasma (PECVD) para sintetizar filmes de a-C:H com fases DLC (tipo diamante) e PLC (tipo polimérico). As pressões parciais de acetileno em argônio foram variadas e as estruturas dos produtos analisadas pela técnica de espectroscopia de reflexão-absorção no infravermelho (IRRAS) e Raman. Além disso, a morfologia e as espessuras dos filmes foram determinadas por microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e perfilometria, respectivamente.Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films were synthesized on the surface of materials to improve mechanical, optical and chemical properties. In the present study, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was performed to produce a-C:H films with PLC (polymer like carbon) and DLC (diamond like carbon) phases. The influences of the acetylene partial pressure and chamber pressure on the chemical structures of the products were evaluated by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the morphology and thickness of the films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry, respectively.Keywords: amorphous hydrogenated carbon, PECVD, parameters, diamond like carbon, polymer like carbon IntroductionA considerable amount of research has been conducted on hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films 1,2 due to their beneficial effects on the mechanical, optical and chemical properties of materials, particularly for food packaging purposes because of the enhancement of gas barrier properties. [1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the a-C:H have been studied as a functional barrier to avoid or reduce the migration of possible residual contaminants from recycled polymers. 6 a-C:H films possess sp 3 -, sp 2 -and sp 1 -hybridized carbons, 7 whose proportion significantly affects their physical and chemical properties. Films with a high percentage of sp 3 carbon have properties similar to those of diamonds, such as superior hardness, chemical inertness and high electrical resistance. Alternatively, films with a significant amount of sp 2 -hybridized carbon are soft like polymers and called PLC (polymer-like carbon). 7,8,9 The a-C:H films can be synthesized by methods such as ion beam deposition, magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). 10-13 PECVD films are usually prepared with high frequency (13.56 MHz) low-temperature plasma from a hydrocarbon precursor gas, typically methane, acetylene, ethylene or benzene. The ions and radicals generated by dissociation/ionization of those gases impinge on the substrates leading to film growth. [13][14][15][16] The physical and chemical properties of a-C:H films deposited by PECVD are dependent on the deposition parameters, including the pressure and gas composition in the plasma chamber. The energy of the ...

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mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Raman Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of PECVD deposition parameters on the DLC/PLC composition of a-C:H thin films

Oliveira¹,

Cruz²,

Aguiar³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Derived from the hydrogen contained in acetylene molecules, the resultant carbon thin films contain hydrogen components up to 40% in atomic percentage. ERDA (Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis) analyses showed oxygen components up to 10% may be present in the carbon thin films [4,28], which is considered to be mainly derived from water vapor from PET substrates. The advantage of the use of acetylene lies in high deposition rates and economics, while CH4 (methane) is used in many studies [4,26].…”

Section: Difference In and Between Carbon And Silicate Oxide Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dense structures of the thin films, typically several tens of nanometers in thickness, behave like glass or ceramics, and block the passage of gas permeants. The current approach generally uses two types of thin film species, that is, (A) carbon thin films, often described as diamond-like carbon (DLC) or a-C:H [3,4], or (B) silicate oxide thin films, often described as SiOx, where x is a number and often somewhere between 1.5 to 1.8 [3,12].…”

Section: Thin Film Coating For the Gas Barrier Enhancement Of Pet Botmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beer is quite sensitive to oxidation, and also sensitive to carbon dioxide release. From the view point of shelf-life extension, the degree of gas barrier improvement is often expressed by BIF (barrier improvement factor) [4]. The value of BIF can be calculated based on the gas transmission rate of normal container(s) divided by that of barrier improved container(s).…”

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Recent Progress in Gas Barrier Thin Film Coatings on PET Bottles in Food and Beverage Applications

2015

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This article presents a short history and the recent advancement of the development of chemical vapor deposition technologies to form thin film gas barrier coatings on PET bottles and other plastic containers in food and beverage containers. Among different gas barrier enhancement technologies, coating can show unique performance where relatively high gas barrier enhancement is possible to various gas permeants. In this article, technologically common and different points of the current thin film coating methods in this field are summarized. This article also refers to recent market situations and technological challenges in the Japanese market.

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Polymer/Layered Silicates Nanocomposites for Barrier Technology

Labuschagne

Moolman

Maity

2012

Intelligent Nanomaterials

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Plastics are used increasingly in packaging applications due to a number of favorable properties, such as versatility, low weight, and low cost. However, their biggest drawback when compared to traditional packaging materials, such as glass and metals, is their relatively high permeability to gases and vapors. Specifically in food and beverage packaging, low permeability to oxygen is critical. This area of research has challenged polymer scientists, materials scientists, physicists, and chemists all over the world to fabricate new nanocomposite materials for specialized applications. They have shown that the incorporation of layered silicates can significantly reduce the permeability of gases through plastics. This chapter is aimed at highlighting the interesting potential aspects of research on selective hybrid nanocomposite materials. The effect of aspect ratio and the degree of clay exfoliation and polymer-clay interaction on the gas permeability will be discussed along with the effect of the types of organic modifier, polymer chemical structure, nature of compatibilizer, blending sequence, processing conditions as well as clay loading on these properties.

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Hydrogenated amorphous carbon film coating of PET bottles for gas diffusion barriers

Cited by 95 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of PECVD deposition parameters on the DLC/PLC composition of a-C:H thin films

Effect of PECVD deposition parameters on the DLC/PLC composition of a-C:H thin films

Recent Progress in Gas Barrier Thin Film Coatings on PET Bottles in Food and Beverage Applications

Polymer/Layered Silicates Nanocomposites for Barrier Technology

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