Hydrogenation of a Benzene‐Toluene Mixture Using Metal Nanoparticles Stabilized by a Hyper‐Crosslinked Aromatic Polymer

Быков, А. А.; Demidenko, Galina N.; Nikoshvili, Linda Zh.; Sulman, Mikhail G.; Kiwi‐Minsker, Lioubov

doi:10.1002/ceat.202100127

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both monometallic (Pd) and bimetallic (PdAu, PdCu and PdZn) catalysts containing 0.5–1.5 wt.% of Pd (data of XFA) and about 2 wt.% of a second metal were synthesized using HPS as a support. It was shown that independently in the presence of a second metal, palladium acetate is uniformly distributed in a highly porous aromatic network of HPS, which allows formation of small Pd NPs of about 2 nm in diameter after reduction in a hydrogen flow at 300 °C (the limit of temperature stability of the chosen HPS [ 40 ]). In the case of the Pd(CH 3 COO) 2 precursor, such reduction conditions are suitable for fast growth of metallic NPs [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Stabilized by an Aromatic Polymeric Network for a Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction

et al. 2021

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This work addresses the Suzuki cross-coupling between 4-bromoanisole (BrAn) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) in an environmentally benign ethanol–water solvent catalysed by mono- (Pd) and bimetallic (PdAu, PdCu, PdZn) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilised within hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (HPS) bearing tertiary amino groups. Small Pd NPs of about 2 nm in diameters were formed and stabilized by HPS independently in the presence of other metals. High catalytic activity and complete conversion of BrAn was attained at low Pd loading. Introduction of Zn to the catalyst composition resulted in the formation of Pd/Zn/ZnO NPs, which demonstrated nearly double activity as compared to Pd/HPS. Bimetallic core-shell PdAu/HPS samples were 3-fold more active as compared to Pd/HPS. Both Pd/HPS and PdAu/HPS samples revealed promising stability confirmed by catalyst recycling in repeated reaction runs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Stabilized by an Aromatic Polymeric Network for a Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction

et al. 2021

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“…A selectivity of 44% toward cyclohexane and an almost complete conversion of benzene were achieved under optimal conditions using Ru as the active metal ligand (see overview in Figure 6J). 60 In another study, Pd-derived HCPs (Figure 6K) catalyzed C−H halogenation, acetoxylation, and arylation with yields up to 85%, 75%, and 70%, respectively (see some examples of halogenation reactions in Figure 6L). These HCPs were based on N,N′-dimethyl-benzimidazolium iodide and triphenylmethane.…”

Section: Hyper-cross-linked Polymersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Wide Range Of Applications For Hyper-cross-linked Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogenation of benzene in benzene/toluene mixtures can also be catalyzed by amino-HCP-based catalysts, where the active sites were provided by three different metals: Pt, Pd, and Ru. A selectivity of 44% toward cyclohexane and an almost complete conversion of benzene were achieved under optimal conditions using Ru as the active metal ligand (see overview in Figure J) . In another study, Pd-derived HCPs (Figure K) catalyzed C–H halogenation, acetoxylation, and arylation with yields up to 85%, 75%, and 70%, respectively (see some examples of halogenation reactions in Figure L).…”

Section: Wide Range Of Applications For Hyper-cross-linked Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C) Separation of light hydrocarbons on the HCP-derived column. Solutes: 1, methane; 2, ethylene; 3, acetylene; 4, ethane; 5, propene; 6, propane + allene; 7, propine; 8, isobutene; 9, butadiene; and 10, n -butane . Reprinted with permission from ref .…”

Section: Wide Range Of Applications For Hyper-cross-linked Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-Friendly Production of Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers Using Mechanosynthesis and Bioresources: A Critical Review

Borrero-López

Celzard

Fierro

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) are receiving great attention due to their high specific surface areas, allowing them to offer high performances in many different applications. However, most of the time, their syntheses require hazardous and time-consuming protocols, making their implementation and scaling up difficult. To overcome this problem, a relatively old technology such as mechanosynthesis (MS) has gained renewed interest as a greener and faster technology to produce HCPs, which involves much lower energy consumption during the reaction process. In this perspective, the latest advances on the performances of HCPs based on MS protocols are compiled and analyzed, subdivided into those based on Friedel–Crafts alkylation, Scholl coupling reactions, and other less common procedures. An analysis of MS versus solvent-based protocols regarding the 12 principles of green chemistry is also reported, as well as a section including a summary of the most recent applications of HCPs. Finally, the use of biobased precursors for the formulation of HCPs is discussed, thus pooling knowledge for greener, faster, and more widely applicable future development of HCPs.

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Temperature effect on tension formation in styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

Bykov,

Demidenko,

Stepacheva

et al. 2024

Polymer International

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Crosslinked polymers are considered to be promising materials for supporting catalysts that are effectively applied in different reactions. However, the application of polymer‐supported catalysts in high‐temperature processes is limited by their temperature stability. Besides thermal degradation, temperature changes can cause the restructuring of the polymer network because of changes in the valence angles and bond lengths. Thus, the study of the influence of temperature on the structure of crosslinked styrene–divinylbenzene (StDVB) copolymers is an important task. In this work, for the first time, the temperature effect limitations on StDVB copolymers are studied and justified. The changes in the polymer structure tension as well as in the specific surface area are studied using molecular dynamics simulation in the temperature range 77–723 K. Near‐cryogenic temperatures are not found to affect significantly the specific surface area. The heating of the polymer up to the temperature used for the reduction of catalysts (573 K) is shown to decrease the specific surface area by 11% because of an increase in the bond tension and valence angle deformation. Further increase in temperature leads to polymer decomposition. The results obtained can be considered for taking into account when applying polymer‐supported catalysts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Hydrogenation of a Benzene‐Toluene Mixture Using Metal Nanoparticles Stabilized by a Hyper‐Crosslinked Aromatic Polymer

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Stabilized by an Aromatic Polymeric Network for a Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction

Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Stabilized by an Aromatic Polymeric Network for a Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction

Eco-Friendly Production of Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers Using Mechanosynthesis and Bioresources: A Critical Review

Temperature effect on tension formation in styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

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