Hydrogenation of biomass‐derived levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone over copper catalysts supported on ZrO₂

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The utilization of biomass and agricultural wastes for production of biofuels is of interest as a research topic, since it could provide a cheaper process due to the wide availability and low cost of raw materials.

Hydrogenation of Lactic Acid to 1,2‐Propanediol over Ru‐Based Catalysts

“…Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential low‐cost and renewable carbon source for the chemical industry . A common approach to valorize biomass is its conversion to platform chemicals, which then serve as the starting chemicals for further applications.…”

“…Lignocellulosic biomass is ap otentiall ow-costa nd renewable carbon source for the chemical industry. [1] Acommonapproach to valorize biomass is its conversiont op latform chemicals, which then serve as the startingc hemicals forf urthera pplications. Lactic acid (LA) is ar ecognized biobased platform molecule, [2] which is commonly produced by fermentation.G iven sustainability issues with this enzymatic route, there is also significant interesti no btaining lactic acid by chemocatalytic approaches.…”

Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to γ‐valerolactone over Cu─Mg oxide using MeOH as in situ hydrogen source

“…Environmental deterioration caused by the consumption of nonrenewable fossil resources is arousing increasing fervor in the application of renewable and clean biomass resources to produce useful chemicals and energy . A number of bio‐based platform molecules, such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), γ‐valerolactone (GVL), can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass and employed as versatile building blocks to produce chemicals, materials and fuels . For example, value‐added chemicals such as valeric acid, 1,4‐pentanediol, and aromatics, can be produced from GVL .…”

“…1,2 A number of bio-based platform molecules, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), -valerolactone (GVL), can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass and employed as versatile building blocks to produce chemicals, materials and fuels. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] For example, value-added chemicals such as valeric acid, 1,4-pentanediol, and aromatics, can be produced from GVL. 12,13 GVL can also be converted into multiple polymeric monomers, such as -methylene--valerolactone and -caprolactam.…”

Recyclable Earth‐Abundant Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to Produce γ‐Valerolactone

“…[12f] Supported Ru nanoparticles (NPs) are reported for effective hydrogenation of LA and other biomassderived organic acids. [13a] Other supportedN Pc atalysts employedf or the hydrogenation of LA to GVL include Au NPs supported on acid-tolerant ZrO 2 , [13b,c] Ru NPs supported on TiO 2 , [14] Cu supported on ZrO 2 , [15] and Ni promoted Cu-SiO 2 nanocomposite catalysts. [16] In situ generated HCl/ZrO(OH) 2 catalyst system was also investigated in the hydrogenation of LA to GVL.…”