Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid to γ-Butyrolactone over Palladium Catalyst Supported on Mesoporous Alumina Xerogel

Abstract

Mesoporous alumina xerogel (AX) was prepared by a sol-gel method for use as a support for palladium catalyst. Palladium catalyst supported on mesoporous alumina xerogel (Pd/AX) was then prepared by an impregnation method. For comparison, commercial alumina (AC) was also used to prepare Pd/AC catalyst by an impregnation method. Liquid-phase hydrogenation of succinic acid to c-butyrolactone (GBL) was carried out using supported palladium catalysts (Pd/AC and Pd/AX). The supported palladium catalysts (Pd/AC and Pd/AX) were characterized by XRD, BET, HR-TEM, and hydrogen chemisorption analyses. In the hydrogenation of succinic acid to GBL, Pd/AX catalyst showed a better catalytic performance than Pd/AC catalyst. Fine dispersion of palladium of Pd/AX catalyst was responsible for its high catalytic activity.

Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid to γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) Over Palladium-Alumina Composite Catalyst Prepared by a Single-Step Sol–Gel Method

“…We found that alumina prepared by a sol-gel method retained hydroxyl-rich surface, leading to the unique chemical and physical properties compared to that prepared by a conventional method. For this reason, Pd/AX catalyst showed excellent reusability and stability in the hydrogenation of SA to GBL, as reported in our previous work [9]. However, Pd/AX catalyst prepared by an impregnation method required a number of calcination and drying steps, and palladium particles were not uniformly dispersed on alumina.…”

“…Succinic anhydride (SAN) was also produced as an intermediate compound in the hydrogenation of succinic acid to GBL. Except for Pd-A950 catalyst, all the Pd-A catalysts showed higher yield for GBL than Pd/AX catalyst (yield for GBL = 53%) which was prepared by an impregnation method in our previous work [9]. This result indicates that Pd-A catalyst prepared by a single-step sol-gel method served as a more efficient catalyst than Pd/AX catalyst prepared by an impregnation method.…”

“…Among various support materials, alumina has been widely employed due to its thermal and mechanical stability. We have previously investigated the liquid-phase hydrogenation of SA to GBL over palladium catalyst impregnated on alumina xerogel support prepared by a sol-gel method (denoted as Pd/AX catalyst) [9]. We found that alumina prepared by a sol-gel method retained hydroxyl-rich surface, leading to the unique chemical and physical properties compared to that prepared by a conventional method.…”

Insights into the Oxidation State and Location of Rhenium in Re‐Pd/TiO2 Catalysts for Aqueous‐Phase Selective Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid to 1,4‐Butanediol as a Function of Palladium and Rhenium Deposition Methods

“…[3,4] SUC has aw ider ange of industrial applications. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Bi-metallicR e ÀRu catalysts showed selectivityt oB DO at 200 8C under 80 bar in dioxane. In particular, BDO, which was until recently manufactured entirely from petroleumbased feedstocks, is an important commodity chemical that is used to manufacture large amounts of plastics and important polymers such as polyesters,p olyurethanes,a nd spandex elastic fibers.Avariety of catalysts have been described extensively in patents for the catalytic hydrogenation reaction of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and SUC to BDO.…”

Conversion of Succinic Acid to 1,4-Butanediol via Dimethyl Succinate Over Rhenium Nano-Catalyst Supported on Copper-Containing Mesoporous Carbon

“…[3][4][5] However, these petrochemical-based feedstocks have economical and environmental problems. 6 Therefore, demand for finding a cheap and clean feedstock for the production of BDO has continuously increased.…”