Hydrogenosome, a Cytoplasmic Organelle of the Anaerobic Flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus, and Its Role in Pyruvate Metabolism

Lindmark, Donald G.; Müller, Miklós

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43249-3

Cited by 385 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…During the course of eukaryotic evolution, the genome and proteome of the mitochondrial compartment have been significantly modified, and many functions have been gained, lost, or relocated [1]. In extreme cases, the derivatives of mitochondria in anaerobic protists had become so modified that they had been overlooked [2] or not recognized as homologous to the mitochondrion [3]. Indeed, in the 1980s, the Archezoa hypothesis [4] proposed that some microbial eukaryotes primitively lacked mitochondria, peroxisomes, stacked Golgi apparatus, spliceosomal introns, and sexual reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle

et al. 2016

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The presence of mitochondria and related organelles in every studied eukaryote supports the view that mitochondria are essential cellular components. Here, we report the genome sequence of a microbial eukaryote, the oxymonad Monocercomonoides sp., which revealed that this organism lacks all hallmark mitochondrial proteins. Crucially, the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway, thought to be conserved in virtually all eukaryotic cells, has been replaced by a cytosolic sulfur mobilization system (SUF) acquired by lateral gene transfer from bacteria. In the context of eukaryotic phylogeny, our data suggest that Monocercomonoides is not primitively amitochondrial but has lost the mitochondrion secondarily. This is the first example of a eukaryote lacking any form of a mitochondrion, demonstrating that this organelle is not absolutely essential for the viability of a eukaryotic cell.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle

et al. 2016

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“…Alignment with the sequence from the other available Oxymonad in the compilation, the mitosomal Monocercomonoides sp (Karnkowska et al 2016) shows high similarity (with 56% identity overall, not shown) and although the tRNA isoacceptors all possess A20, the enzyme has been classed as originating from the ancestral mitochondrion. Similarly, the two closely related amitochondrial candidates from the Tritrichomonadida order, Tritrichomonas foetus (Lindmark and Muller 1973) and Histomonas meleagridis (Mielewczik et al 2008) are highly similar in their protein alignments; 46% identity (not shown). The GDYQ-domain is barely discernible and the MSTR-feature resembles more closely that of the mitochondrial enzyme, although again the characteristic five-amino acid deletion is missing.…”

Section: Metamonadamentioning

confidence: 94%

The Evolutionary Fate of Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Amitochondrial Organisms

Igloi

2021

J Mol Evol

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During the endosymbiotic evolution of mitochondria, the genes for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were transferred to the ancestral nucleus. A further reduction of mitochondrial function resulted in mitochondrion-related organisms (MRO) with a loss of the organelle genome. The fate of the now redundant ancestral mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes is uncertain. The derived protein sequence for arginyl-tRNA synthetase from thirty mitosomal organisms have been classified as originating from the ancestral nuclear or mitochondrial gene and compared to the identity element at position 20 of the cognate tRNA that distinguishes the two enzyme forms. The evolutionary choice between loss and retention of the ancestral mitochondrial gene for arginyl-tRNA synthetase reflects the coevolution of arginyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA identity elements.

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“…The parasite derives energy through unique, double membrane-bound organelles called hydrogenosomes (previously paraxostylar granules) which serve as the parasite's metabolic powerhouse (Honigberg & King, 1964;Lindmark & Müller, 1973;Müller, 1993). Hydrogenosomes share a common ancestor with aerobic mitochondria and are widely accepted as anaerobic cousins, providing energy through fermentative carbohydrate metabolism (Bui & Johnson, 1996;Voncken et al, 2002).…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Trichomonad Hydrogenosomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogenosome metabolises pyruvate and/or malate via oxidative fermentation to produce molecular hydrogen (Lindmark & Müller, 1973;Kulda, 1999). Hydrogenosomes were first described in anaerobic trichomonads (Lindmark & Müller, 1973). However, they are also found in other anaerobic organisms including both free-living and rumen ciliates, and some fungi (Müller, 1993).…”

Section: The Trichomonad Hydrogenosomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative gene mapping of Trichomonas vaginalis strains varying in metronidazole susceptibility

Dunne¹

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Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoan parasite of the human urogenital tract, and is sexually transmitted to over 170 million people worldwide each year. Although most infections go unnoticed, serious health implications include the increased transmission and acquisition rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and low infant birth weight. Drug resistance in T. vaginalis is an emerging and alarming predicament as only one drug, metronidazole, has been approved for treatment. Several gene families have been implicated in the development of derived drug resistance in T. vaginalis, however, very little is known about how this phenomenon arises in clinical samples.Genome plasticity is common in protists, and specific rearrangements, changes in ploidy and chromosome size are frequently correlated with drug-resistant phenotypes in other protozoan parasites. Limited genomic information is available for T. vaginalis due to an unusually large genome size and highly potent nucleases which confound modern molecular technologies. The present study aimed to investigate genome polymorphism using modified, traditional mammalian karyotyping techniques and a collection of five T. vaginalis strains varying in metronidazole susceptibility (including clinical and laboratory-derived resistance) and geographic sampling origin (Australia,

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Hydrogenosome, a Cytoplasmic Organelle of the Anaerobic Flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus, and Its Role in Pyruvate Metabolism

Cited by 385 publications

References 24 publications

A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle

A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle

The Evolutionary Fate of Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Amitochondrial Organisms

Comparative gene mapping of Trichomonas vaginalis strains varying in metronidazole susceptibility

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