Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Irrigation and Domestic Purposes in Rural Areas, North of Baiji City-Iraq

Abed, Mahmood Fadhil; Zarraq, Ghazi Atiya; Ahmed, Salwa H.

doi:10.24996/ijs.2021.62.7.18

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Corrosivity ratio (CR) delivers information regarding the water supply, where water supply with a CR value lesser than 1 would be recommended and safe to be transported in any type of pipes, while water supply with a CR value greater than 1 shows that the water has a corrosive nature (Abed et al 2021 ). Due to such nature, the water type would lead to corrosive effects on metal pipes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolved Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions in the water frequently replace the cations from clay mineral ions and vice versa. Chloro-alkaline indices generally represent the ion exchange between the host environment and the source of water during transport (Abed et al 2021 ). These indices were presented as CAI-I and CAI-II (Wu et al 2015 ), and the equations for these indices are as below: …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk

Nyambar

Prasanna

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The main purpose of this study is to assess the urban lake water quality along the coastal region of Miri City, Sarawak, East Malaysia. This study concentrates on the hydrochemical characteristics and the mechanisms controlling the suitability of the lakes for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes. A total of 15 lake water samples were collected and analysed for physical parameters, major ions, nutrients, BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The results show that Lakes 6, 7, and 8 commonly exceeded the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) limits, particularly in physical parameters and major ions. The cation dominance was Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Ca2+, while the anion dominance was Cl− > HCO3− > SO42−. It is inferred that lake 8 was affected by the seawater intrusion through the inlet flow, resulting in an excess concentration of ions present in that lake. The concentrations of heavy metals in these lakes were considerably low, indicating that most of them were from the geogenic source. Most of the lakes were NaCl water type and the main controlling mechanism were weathering and ionic exchange processes, with anthropogenic impacts. Based on the calculated Water Quality Index (WQI) according to the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS), all lakes were suitable for irrigation use (class IV), while most of these lakes fell under the “polluted” index. Apart from that, based on the National Lake Water Quality Standards (NLWQS), all lakes were classified under category D, indicating that the lakes must be kept in good condition. According to the irrigation quality indices, lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were the most suitable for irrigation purposes. As for metal pollution indices (HPI and HEI), lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 15 were considered safe with low pollution status. From the multivariate statistical analysis, it is deduced that both anthropogenic and geogenic impacts mostly influenced the quality of these lake waters. The outcome of this study will help the policymakers under the national water department in sustainable management of water resources in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk

Nyambar

Prasanna

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The accuracy of the hydrochemical analysis was tested using an ionic error equilibrium. The ionic equilibrium was calculated according to the normalized equilibrium, which should not exceed 5% of the ion difference (meq/L) [21]. Charge-balance error (CBE) was evaluated using the Equation (1).…”

Section: Ionic Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Quality Affected by the Pyrite Ash Waste and Fertilizers in Valea Calugareasca, Romania

Vasilache

Diacu

Modrogan

et al. 2022

Water

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The aim of the study was to assess the groundwater quality in a rural area affected by the abandoned pyrite ash waste dumps. The abundance of major ions in groundwater depends largely on the nature of the rocks, climatic conditions, and mobility. To evaluate geochemical processes, 30 groundwater samples collected from Valea Calugareasca, Prahova County, Romania, were analyzed for the major anions (NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, and F−) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+), which are naturally highly variable due to climatic and geographical location conditions. Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and K+ varied between 118 and 275 mg/L, 32 and 160 mg/L, 12.2 and 78.4 mg/L, and 0.21 and 4.48 mg/L, respectively. NO3− levels exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 50 mg/L were identified in 17% of the groundwater samples, mainly as result of fertilizers applied to agricultural activities. The hydrogeochemical study identified dolomite dissolution and halite precipitation as natural sources of ions as well as the presence of pyrite as a source of SO42− ions in 60% of the samples. The sulfate content varied between 125 and 262 mg/L. Bicarbonate and chloride concentrations varied between 202 and 530 mg/L and 21 and 212 mg/L. The saturation index indicates the contribution of Ca2+ ions in the groundwater samples came from some processes of dissolving rocks such as aragonites (values between 1.27 and 2.69) and calcites (values between 1.43 and 2.82). Negative halite values indicated that salt accumulation results from precipitation processes. Only 10% of the analyzed groundwater samples were suitable for human consumption, the samples being situated on the hill, far away from the pyrite ash waste dumps and agricultural land.

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“…Pollution indices, such as the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), synthetic pollution index (SPI), Nemerow index (NI), and health risk assessments, are tools used to determine the eco-health and quality of water by many of researchers (Haque et al 2020;Ibe et al 2020;Abed et al 2021;Selvam et al 2021;Shan et al 2021;Hammash & Abed 2022;Ahmed et al 2023). The HPI is a classification that gives the combined effect of various dissolved heavy metals for drinking use (,100) (Balakrishnan & Ramu 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraising the eco-health of Tigris River water using pollution indicators and the health risk assessment model

Ahmed,

Abed,

Sharif

et al. 2024

Water Practice &Amp; Technology

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The Tigris River is a major source for supplying water for various purposes (drinking, domestic, industrial, and agricultural) for many cities and villages, and evaluating its water for human use is an important goal. For assessment purposes, nine stations, nine elements, four eco-health pollution indicators, and a health risk assessment model were chosen to evaluate the Tigris River's water environmentally and healthily in three governorates, namely Nineveh, Salah Al-Din, and Baghdad, in April 2023. The results of pollution indicators like the heavy metal pollution index, metal index, synthetic pollution index, and Nemerow Index showed that the Al-Qayyarah and Baiji sites were distinguished by higher values compared to the other stations. High concentrations of cadmium and lead, above the permissible limits for drinking water according to the World Health Organization, have clearly affected the values of pollution indicators. This research showed that there are non-carcinogenic risks to children from drinking water in the Qayyarah and Baiji stations due to the hazard quotient exceeding 1, while there are no risks to adults. Regarding the use of Tigris River water for bathing purposes, the risk quotient value was ,1 for all study stations, indicating that there are no risks to children and adults.

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Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Irrigation and Domestic Purposes in Rural Areas, North of Baiji City-Iraq

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk

Assessment on urban lakes along the coastal region of Miri, NW Borneo: implication for hydrochemistry, water quality, and pollution risk

Groundwater Quality Affected by the Pyrite Ash Waste and Fertilizers in Valea Calugareasca, Romania

Appraising the eco-health of Tigris River water using pollution indicators and the health risk assessment model

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