Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality in parts of the Hindon River basin, Ghaziabad, India: implications for domestic and irrigation purposes

Abstract

The present study confers the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigational purposes. Most of the population depends on groundwater for their daily needs especially for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. For this reason, total seventy-two groundwater samples have been collected from different parts of Ghaziabad district for the pre-and post-monsoon in the year 2016 and analyzed for water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, bicarbonate (HCO 3 −), carbonate (CO 3 2−), chloride (Cl −), sulphate (SO 4 2−), fluoride (F −), calcium (Ca 2+), magnesium (Mg 2+), sodium (Na +), and potassium (K +). Results show that the water samples of the study area are generally hard to very hard and slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. Results also suggest that chloride (Cl −) ions dominate over SO 4 2− ions, whereas HCO 3 − ions dominate over Cl − and SO 4 2− in the studied groundwater samples during the pre-and post-monsoon periods. The Piper trilinear diagram of groundwater shows that dominant facies is Na +-HCO 3 − type in both the monsoon periods. The nitrate concentration in the groundwater samples varies from 22 to 293 mg/l in the pre-monsoon, of which 83% of groundwater samples are not recommended for drinking with reference to the concentration of nitrate. Base-exchange indices classified 89% and 11% of the water sources as the Na-HCO 3 type and Na-SO 4 during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. According to the meteoric genesis indices, 89% and 11% of the water sources as shallow meteoric water percolation and deep meteoric water percolation type during the pre-and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Furthermore, most of the groundwater samples are found mainly influenced by rock dominance according to Gibbs diagram plots.

Evaluation of heavy metal pollution for River Gomti, in parts of Ganga Alluvial Plain, India

“…Consequently, in developing countries the lack of potable water and depleting quality has emerged as one of the most critical challenges for the sustenance of human society and the aquatic systems since the last century [12]. In a developing nation like India the discharge of municipal waste, urban runoffs, etc., into the river catchments has emerged as a major challenge in maintenance of river water quality [13]. The risk of bioaccumulation and biomagnification of HMs in food chain poses serious health issues in humans and animals [14].…”

Assessment of groundwater quality from Sahibabad to Modinagar Meerut Uttar Pradesh, India using water quality index

“…Prolonged use of hard water can cause urolithiasis (Agarwal et al, 2019). Ahmad and Khurshid, (2019) observed the average values of hardness as 301.53mg/l in Hindon River basin area of Ghaziabad. Hardness was found moderately positively correlated with chloride (+0.629) and strongly correlated with sulphate (+0.954).…”

Groundwater Quality Assessment with Respect to Heavy Metal Content by using Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) of Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India

“…Groundwater is essential as it forms the primary drinking water source in several parts in India. Surface water contamination frames an approach to get contaminated groundwater resource [2] Urbanization leads to the deterioration of groundwater quality rapidly because of the despicable transfer of industrial and sewage outflow without earlier treatment and excessive usage of groundwater assets [3]. Groundwater quality evaluation is essential as due to increasing urbanization, industrialization and population cause an impact on water resources and level of contamination [4].…”