Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Hot Springs in Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt, Western China: Insight from Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Shi, Zheming; Fu, Lei; Wang, Guangcai; Xu, Qingyu; Mu, Wenqing; Sun, Xiangyu

doi:10.1155/2017/6546014

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Up to now, previous studies have interpreted the genesis of geothermal springs in the Erdaoqiao and Yulingong geothermal areas using geophysical and geochemical methods [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, only a few previous investigations analyzed the geothermal springs in the Yalabamei and Zhonggu geothermal areas [25], and thus the conceptual model of the geothermal system is unclear. Therefore, this study aims at clarifying the mechanism of the geothermal system in the XFZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Huang

Liao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Abundant geothermal waters have been reported in the Yalabamei, Zhonggu, Erdaoqiao, and Yulingong geothermal areas of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone of western Sichuan, southwestern China. This study focused on the hydrogeochemical evolution, reservoir temperature, and recharge origin of geothermal waters using hydrochemical and deuterium-oxygen (D-O) isotopic studies. Shallow geothermal waters represented by geothermal springs and shallow drilled water wells are divided into two hydrochemical groups: (1) the Ca–Na–HCO3 type in the Erdaoqiao area, and (2) Na–HCO3 in other areas. Deep geothermal waters represented by deep drilled wells are characterized by the Na–Cl–HCO3 type. The major ionic compositions of geothermal water are primarily determined by the water–rock interaction with silicate and carbonate minerals. The reservoir temperatures estimated by multi-geothermometries have a range of 63–150 °C for shallow geothermal water and of 190–210 °C for deep geothermal water, respectively. The δ18O and δD compositions indicated geothermal waters are recharged by meteoric water from the elevation of 2923–5162 m. Based on the aforementioned analyses above, a conceptual model was constructed for the geothermal system in the Xianshuihe fault zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Huang

Liao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Due to the high altitude, complex terrain, and low density of population, geothermal energy in this area has not been well exploited. The only utilization of this geothermal energy is for bathing in some areas [7]. Although some basic physical and chemical properties of the hot springs have been investigated by a few studies [8,9], little has been done in detail describing the geochemical characteristic and reservoir temperature of these geothermal fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Geochemistry of Fault Zone Hydrothermal System in the Yidun-Litang Area, Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt

Hou

Shi

2018

Geofluids

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The geochemical and geothermal characteristics of hydrothermal systems in an area are useful information to appropriately evaluate the geothermal potential. In this paper, we investigated the chemical and isotopic composition of thermal water in an underexploited geothermal belt, Yidun-Litang area, in eastern Tibetan Plateau. 24 hot spring samples from the Yidun and Litang area were collected and analyzed. The water chemical types of the hot springs are mainly Na-HCO3-type water. Water-rock interaction and cation exchange and mixture are the dominant hydrogeochemical processes in the hydrothermal evolution. The significant shift of D and 18O isotopes from the GMWL indicates that these springs have undergone subsurface boiling before rising to the surface. Different ratios of Cl to other conservation species can be found for the springs in Litang and Yidun areas, suggesting the different heat sources of the two hydrothermal systems. The reservoir temperature in the Yidun area is around 230°C while the reservoir temperature in the Litang area is around 200°C. Both hydrothermal systems are recharged by the meteoric water and are heated by the different deep, thermally and topographically driven convection heat along faults and undergoing subsurface boiling before going back to the surface.

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“…The hydrogeochemistry, geothermometry, and quantification of fluid-mineral reactions from four hot springs along the Bijiang River in Yunlong County of the Lanping basin in southwest China have been examined with respect to the major element compositions of the reservoir fluid discharging on the land surface. In the complex circulation processes, water-rock interactions play an important part in hydrogeochemical indicators of the waters in the geothermal systems which can be used to examine the properties of geothermal reservoirs and the mixing behavior of groundwater [1][2][3][4]. Shi et al [2] studied the hydrochemical characteristics of thermal groundwater in the eastern Tibetan Plateau geothermal belt and found that the springs originated from snow melt in the mountains and surface water and that the groundwater was dominated by the hydrochemical interactions with host rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the complex circulation processes, water-rock interactions play an important part in hydrogeochemical indicators of the waters in the geothermal systems which can be used to examine the properties of geothermal reservoirs and the mixing behavior of groundwater [1][2][3][4]. Shi et al [2] studied the hydrochemical characteristics of thermal groundwater in the eastern Tibetan Plateau geothermal belt and found that the springs originated from snow melt in the mountains and surface water and that the groundwater was dominated by the hydrochemical interactions with host rocks. Mixing processes between thermal and nonthermal water can be enhanced by faults in a geothermal area [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermometry and Circulation Behavior of the Hot Springs in Yunlong County of Yunnan in Southwest China

Wang

Zhou

2019

Geofluids

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Travertine and nontravertine thermal springs have been studied in Yunlong County in southwest China to determine the geothermal reservoir temperatures and to find the geochemical processes that affect the evolution of thermal groundwater constituents during subsurface circulation. Hydrochemical characteristics distinguish travertine from nontravertine types. Travertine springs show HCO3·Cl-Na and SO4·HCO3-Ca·Na type, and a nontravertine spring presents Cl·HCO3·SO4-Na type. Log(Q/K) versus T diagrams show that reservoir temperatures can be expressed as intervals based on the equilibrium mineral assemblages coexisting in equilibrium and multiminerals in equilibrium with the aid of the PHREEQC and WATCH programs. The spring water mixing ratio with shallow water is between 59% and 82% with steam loss ranging from 12.1% to 27.8%. The Dalang Spring mixes with the highest proportion of cold water (76% to 82%) among the four hot springs and has the highest geothermal reservoir temperature (132°C to 176.9°C). The water-rock interaction during recharge from precipitation demonstrates that the minerals halite, kaolinite, chalcedony, plagioclase, and CO2(g) play an important part in the evolution of the thermal groundwater. Four inverse modeling simulation paths between precipitation and spring discharge were established to calculate the mass flux of minerals by the PHREEQC program. Halite, kaolinite, chalcedony, plagioclase, and CO2(g) participate in dissolution reactions in the thermal groundwater circulation, while gypsum, calcite, dolomite, biotite, and fluorite keep the geochemical processes in equilibrium.

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Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Hot Springs in Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt, Western China: Insight from Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Fluid Geochemistry of Fault Zone Hydrothermal System in the Yidun-Litang Area, Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geothermal Belt

Geothermometry and Circulation Behavior of the Hot Springs in Yunlong County of Yunnan in Southwest China

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