Hydrogeochemical investigations to assess groundwater and saline water interaction in coastal aquifers of the southeast coast, Tamil Nadu, India

Prakash, R.; Srinivasamoorthy, K.; Gopinath, S.; Kumar, S. B. Vijay; Francis, Vinnarasi

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10870-5

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Figure S3 reveals that the evaporation effect was dominant on the shallow groundwater in the Anuradhapura district especially in the dry season. To identify the evolution of the groundwater, its mixing mechanisms, and the origin of dissolved minerals in the groundwater, the relationships between major ions are widely used. , Analysis shows that in the wet season, variation of the concentration of ions in the groundwater occupied significantly higher linear relationships among each other because of higher rock–water interactions in the wet season (Figure S4). On the other hand, in the dry season, the linearity of the relationships was scattered which is an indication of lower rates of dissolution of minerals in the aquifer base materials in the dry season due to the lower inflow rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Quality in North Central Province, Sri Lanka

Indika

Wei

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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This study focused on fulfilling the demand for a comprehensive investigation of groundwater quality in the North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all). The NCP was selected as the study area due to its highest prevalence of chronic kidney disease with unknown etiology within Sri Lanka. Here, 334 shallow and deep groundwater samples were collected at the end of wet and dry seasons, respectively. Results revealed that elevated and unexpected levels of salinity, hardness, fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon and the alkaline nature of groundwater were the main issues, and the Ca-HCO3 type was dominant in the groundwater. Water quality index analyses showed that 8.9% and 13.8% of wells had poor quality undrinkable groundwater in wet and dry seasons, respectively. Only 7% of samples were susceptible to sodium and salinity hazards for irrigational use. Reverse osmosis technology with a softening and activated carbon pretreatment process was identified as the most suitable way to treat groundwater with high salinity for many regions of the NCP. The groundwater quality atlas for the NCP created by this study was very useful for making a master plan of safe drinking water supplies and developing and implementing cost-effective water purification technologies in the NCP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Quality in North Central Province, Sri Lanka

Indika

Wei

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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“…Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl − , and HCO 3 − are the major ions presence in the study area and are mainly influenced by rock weathering, evaporation crystallization, and cation exchange. The relationships between major ions are generally used to identify the evolution of groundwater and its mixing mechanisms [38,56,57]. Measured ion content shows a significantly higher linear relationship in the dry season because of the higher rock-water interaction in the dry season (Figure 5).…”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Evolution Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergic Origin and Evolution of TDS, Mg and Fluoride in Groundwater as Relative to Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka

Priyadarshanee,

Pang,

Edirisinghe

et al. 2024

Water

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The rural population in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka is largely affected by Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown etiology (CKDu). According to the multidisciplinary research carried out so far, quality of groundwater is considered one of the possible causative factors for CKDu. Therefore, assessment of the quality of groundwater being used for drinking and its evolution mechanism is the key to identifying the linkage between CKDu and drinking water. This study aimed to perform a detailed investigation on groundwater sources using isotopic, chemical, and hydrogeological methods in the CKDu-endemic (site A) and the control area (sedimentary formation—site B) in the Malwathu Oya basin and the control areas in the Malala Oya basin (site C) selected for a systematic comparison. Our investigation shows that elevated levels of TDS, magnesium, and fluoride in the shallow groundwater affected by climatic, geochemical, and hydrogeological processes may contribute to the CKDu in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. All the groundwater samples analysed have exceeded the hardness threshold. Prominent Mg hardness proportion together with excess F− in the CKDu endemic area may produce nephrotoxic MgF2 complexes that may trigger renal damage. In contrast, NaF complexes in the CKDu control area leads to reduction of F− toxicity in the human body. Elevated F− and Mg2+ are found in site A, low F− and high Mg2+ in site B, and either combinations of low F− and low Mg2+, high F− and low Mg2+, or low F− with high Mg2+ in site C. TDS, hardness, Mg2+, Na+, and F− are formed with different mechanisms in the three selected areas. The primary process that regulates the evolution of groundwater types and contents in sites A and C is the weathering of silicates. Similarly, in site A, carbonate dissolution and reverse ion exchange are quite strong. Cation exchange and evaporite dissolution are more pronounced in site C. Shallow groundwaters are evapo-concentrated, hence their quality deteriorates more significantly than the deep groundwater in the CKDu endemic area. Dilution decreases the ion content in site A while evaporite dissolution increases it in site C after the rainy season. Evaporation and seawater mixing affect the quality of groundwater in site B. It is also found that a statistically significant difference exists in the F−/Na+, F−/Mg2+, and F−/Ca2+ between the endemic and control areas. Intensive rock weathering combined with desorption has added excess F− to the groundwater in site A, while cation exchange and fluorite dissolution are contributing factors in site C.

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“…On the other hand, the results showed large ranges of TDS concentrations, varying from 210.27 to 3624.42 mg/L and 293.44 to 945.24 mg/L, with mean data of 1093.63 and 625.66 mg/L, in the QA and BA, respectively. In addition, 44.11% of the QA samples revealed TDS > 1000 mg/L, while all BA samples were less than 1000 mg/L [28,30]. Ground-water samples with higher TDS concentrations (TDS > 1000 mg/L) can be classified as saline water [7].…”

Section: Hydrochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pH values varied from 7.71 to 8.42 and 6.96 to 8.25, with mean values of 7.79 and 7.56 in the QA and BA, respectively, suggesting slightly alkaline groundwater. Indeed, alkaline environments in groundwater imply the release of a greater number of hydroxide ions into the solution [30]. The occurrence of alkaline groundwater is related to the hydrochemical processes of groundwater (e.g., rock weathering).…”

Section: Hydrochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Groundwater in the Coastal Area of the Dagujia River Basin, China

et al. 2022

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Groundwater resource is vital for industrial, drinking and irrigation purposes in the Dagujia river basin, China. The objective of this work was to comprehensively assess the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of the Quaternary aquifer (QA) and the bedrock aquifer (BA) of the basin using statistical methods and hydrochemical plots. In total, 56 groundwater samples were collected from the QA (34 samples) and BA (22 samples). In addition, statistical methods combined with the geographic information system were used to identify the hydrochemical parameters of groundwater, as well as its spatial distribution in the Dagujia river basin. The Piper diagram showed that Ca-Na-HCO3 was the dominant groundwater facies type, while nine QA samples collected near the coastal line showed the Na-Cl facies type. On the other hand, the Gibbs diagram showed that most samples fell in the rock dominance zone. The principal component analysis results showed that the water–rock interaction and anthropogenic activities are the controlling factors, which is consistent with the results obtained using other methods. The results of this study indicated that rock weathering controls the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater, while anthropogenic contamination and sea water intrusion are becoming increasingly serious issues for both QA and BA in the Dagujia river basin. Therefore, both Quaternary and bedrock aquifers require more attention.

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Hydrogeochemical investigations to assess groundwater and saline water interaction in coastal aquifers of the southeast coast, Tamil Nadu, India

Cited by 28 publications

References 88 publications

Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Quality in North Central Province, Sri Lanka

Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Quality in North Central Province, Sri Lanka

Synergic Origin and Evolution of TDS, Mg and Fluoride in Groundwater as Relative to Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka

A Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Groundwater in the Coastal Area of the Dagujia River Basin, China

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