Hydrogeochemistry of the Indian thermal springs: Current status

Das, Prasenjit; Maya, K.; Padmalal, D.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103890

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The reservoir temperatures of Panamik, Chumathang, and Puga geothermal systems estimated by using Na-K-Mg thermometry (Figure 4) are compatible with earlier published records estimated by using other geothermometry and reservoir modeling methods [19,20,22,[30][31][32]. The difference between the estimated reservoir temperature (T KN ) and the surface discharge water temperature for each geothermal system infers that the reservoir depths are in the following order: Puga > Chumathang > Panamik.…”

Section: Reservoir Temperature Magmatic Water Input and Rock-water In...supporting

confidence: 84%

“…The Indus and the Nubra valleys are two prominent geothermal zones in Ladakh. The Indus Valley has three geothermal fields-Puga, Chumathang, and Gaik that host more than a hundred hotsprings [18,19,21,22]. Chumathang is located 92 km southeast of Upshi towards the Upshi-Hanle Road, and Puga can be reached from Chumathang by traveling another 20 km down the Upshi-Hanle Road and then taking a southwest diversion across the Indus River and traveling an additional 20 km.…”

Section: Field Sites and Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeochemistry, Geothermometry, and Sourcing of High Dissolved Boron, Tungsten, and Chlorine Concentrations in the Trans-Himalayan Hotsprings of Ladakh, India

Ansari¹,

Singh²,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Hydrology

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Boron (B) and Tungsten (W) are often found enriched in high-temperature geothermal waters associated with the development of subduction-related mafic to felsic arc magma. However, knowledge about the sourcing and transportation of these elements from such hydrothermal systems is sparse and ambiguous. Being the only active continental collision site in the world, the Trans-Himalaya offers a unique chance to study how continental collision sources the high boron and tungsten concentrations in geothermal fluids. This study investigated the distribution of trace elements, major cations, and anions in three physicochemically distinct hotspring sites in the Ladakh region. The results were integrated with the existing geochemical and isotopic data to address the research problem more effectively. This study exhibits that the extreme concentrations of boron, sodium, chlorine, potassium, and tungsten in the hotspring waters were primarily governed by magmatic fluid inputs. In addition, this study recorded the highest-ever chlorine and boron concentrations for the Trans-Himalayan hotspring waters. The highest-ever boron and chlorine concentrations in the hotspring waters probably represented an increase in magmatic activity in the deeper source zone.

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Section: Reservoir Temperature Magmatic Water Input and Rock-water In...supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Field Sites and Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemistry, Geothermometry, and Sourcing of High Dissolved Boron, Tungsten, and Chlorine Concentrations in the Trans-Himalayan Hotsprings of Ladakh, India

Ansari¹,

Singh²,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Hydrology

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“…The Santhal Pargana has crystalline bedrock that were once part of a granitic environment and was thinly covered by a worn mantle (Mandal & Ray, 2015). These sections have dispersed shallow rupture zones, which are unable to hold enough groundwater ( Das et al, 2022). According to Upadhayay et al (2019), weathered fracture zone restricts the amount of groundwater in the Santhal Pargana division.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Rainfall Using Two Statistical Data Driven Models: A Study on Santhal Pargana Division of Jharkhand State, India

Raha

Gayen

2022

Geos. Ind.

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Although the variability and prediction of rainfall is an essential issue of the Santhal Pargana Division of the Jharkhand State but the issue is still far from its’ conclusive statement till date. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate the monthly rainfall from 1901 to 2020 using an eight-step procedure. After downloading the monthly rainfall for the Santhal Pargana Division from 1901 to 2020, the TBATS and Naive models were used to simulate the rainfall. The accuracy assessment of each model was done by using the MASE, MAE, RMSE, ME, and R. For the Naïve model, the Godda station was noticed with a comparatively high combined error. The lowest combined error was found for the Pakur station in case of Naïve models. Similar result was also obtained for the TBATS model. The TBATS was found with comparatively higher accuracy, as the combined error was less for the TBATS. The spatial assessment for the standardized rainfall varied from 84.419 mm. to 149.225 mm. For the Naïve predicted model, the rainfall was marked in between 8.133 mm. to 67.059 mm. For the TBATS fitted model, the rainfall fluctuated from the 37.127 mm. to 62.993 mm. Dumka station was noticed with comparatively low rainfall (i.e.,37.127 mm.). Deoghar and Jamtara stations were marked with a moderate rainfall. Remaining stations were marked with higher amount of rainfall for the TBATS fitted model. The Wilcoxon test proved that each model was significant at 95% confidence interval. The result produced in this research is fruitful enough to be utilized for agricultural planning in the Santhal Pargana Division of the Jharkhand state, India. Keywords : TBATS model; Naive model; simulation; accuracy Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

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“…Geological Survey of India has classified seven principal geothermal provinces in India which are (1) Himalayan geothermal province, (2) Geothermal area along SONATA et al, (SON−NARMADA−TAPI) lineament, (3) West Coast Geothermal Belt, (4) Cambay Geothermal Province, (5) Mahanadi Valley Geothermal Belt (6) Godavari Valley Geothermal Belt, and Sohna Geothermal Area in Aravalli ranges. About 350 hot springs have been identified in the country (Chatterjee 2022;Das 2022;Dutta 2023). Hot springs are surface manifestations of various subsurface processes and their study allows developing an understanding of subsurface geochemical and hydrological processes (Sarolkar, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Hydrochemistry and Fluid-Mineral Equilibria from Characteristic Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Waters of Himalaya and Eastern India

Dutta¹,

Absar²,

Мишра³

et al. 2023

JGSR

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Geothermal energy, with associated low-carbon emissions compared to conventional fossil fuels, is presently one of the potential renewable energy sources. The decryption of the chemistry of thermal manifestations of geothermal systems, in terms of relative abundances of various chemical facies, is mandatory before launching systematic geothermal exploration in a given area as it provides valuable information on the basic characteristics of the geothermal reservoir. For the present study, three clusters of hot springs have been selected -1) Shyok-Nubra valleys geothermal prospect in NW Himalaya, 2) Subansiri valley geothermal areas in NE Himalaya and 3) the hot spring system occurring along Munger-Saharsa Ridge Fault Zone (MSRF) in the Eastern part of India. The study of these geothermal systems with low to moderately high temperatures of 35−75°C, has been carried out with two main objectives. The first objective is to estimate reservoir temperature and other characteristics in the three above-mentioned hot spring groups using conventional chemical geothermometry techniques for the first-hand assessment of the quality of the geothermal resource and postulating its possible application. The second objective of the study is to understand the distribution of stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in the studied geothermal systems to reveal reservoir-related hydrological aspects of the geothermal system. The three groups of hot springs show large variations in total dissolved solids (TDS) from <150 to about 1800 mg/L. Enigmatic and inexplicably low TDS values of 126 to 150 mg/Lare reported from the three Bhimband hot springs along MSRF Zone. These springs discharge Ca−Mg−HCO3 type water. The dearth of dissolved ionic species in these springs indicates lack of water-rock interaction in Bhimband area. Silica is the most abundant solute species and corresponds to a reservoir temperature of about 75°C. It may be inferred that relatively inert lithology in the reservoir and very high water-to-rock ratio might have rendered the observed chemical signatures to Bhimband hot springs. Shyok-Nubra springs at Changlung and Panamik are predominantly Na-HCO3 type with TDS values of about 1700 and 550 mg/L, respectively. These hot springs give an indication of water-rock interaction in different types of lithology at temperatures of 120 to >150°C resulting in the observed chemical differences between the two. Thermal water at Taksing in NE Himalaya is also Na−HCO3 type. Chetu hot spring with TDS of >1100 mg/Lis anomalous in two ways. First, it has a very high SO4 content of 358 mg/Land second, it has the lowest silica value. There is a possibility that the Chetu hot spring has its chemistry influenced by the dissolution of sulfates of Ca and Na. Preliminary stable isotope study indicates that the geothermal fluid is derived from meteoric sources. The lack of any indication for positive δ18O-shift suggests that reservoir temperatures of the springs are generally low. Keywords: Thermal Waters, Hydrogeochemistry, Reservoir Temperature, Stable Isotopes, Himalayas, Bihar

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Hydrogeochemistry of the Indian thermal springs: Current status

Cited by 13 publications

References 113 publications

Hydrogeochemistry, Geothermometry, and Sourcing of High Dissolved Boron, Tungsten, and Chlorine Concentrations in the Trans-Himalayan Hotsprings of Ladakh, India

Hydrogeochemistry, Geothermometry, and Sourcing of High Dissolved Boron, Tungsten, and Chlorine Concentrations in the Trans-Himalayan Hotsprings of Ladakh, India

Simulation of Rainfall Using Two Statistical Data Driven Models: A Study on Santhal Pargana Division of Jharkhand State, India

Deciphering Hydrochemistry and Fluid-Mineral Equilibria from Characteristic Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Waters of Himalaya and Eastern India

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