Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical study of a volcanic-sedimentary coastal aquifer in the archaeological site of Cumae (Phlegraean Fields, southern Italy)

Elucidation of the Chemical Role of the Pyroclastic Materials on the State of Conservation of Mural Paintings from Pompeii

“…Although the concentration of Cl À in the samples from the aquifers is generally high, the Cl À concentration in sample PS 7( 239 AE 10 mg L À1 )l ies in between the average values of the water samples from the shallow and deep wells.H ere,i ti s necessary to mention that the water chemistry of the The average values of the concentrations of the shallow and deep wells of the Cumae Archaeological Park are also plotted. These were reported by Allocca et al [11]…”

“…Forthisaim (and consideringt hat no experimental data of thei onic contento f theg roundwater from theA rchaeologicalP arko fP ompeii is available),the informationcollected from literature on several wellso fthea rchaeologicals iteo fC umae (PhlegraeanF ields, Campania), also influenced by the volcanogenic nature of this area, have been employed. [11] In this location, the groundwater samples came from several wells at different depths.…”

Natural and Anthropogenic Groundwater Contamination in a Coastal Volcanic-Sedimentary Aquifer: The Case of the Archaeological Site of Cumae (Phlegraean Fields, Southern Italy)

“…At the small scale, the study site hosts a porous multilayered aquifer system (Figure 2a,b) formed by a shallow phreatic aquifer in the pyroclastic and pyroclastic-alluvial-lacustrine sediments (pyroclastic (P) and pyroclastic-alluvial-lacustrine (PAP) complexes) and a semiconfined deep aquifer in the older pyroclastic deposits (DPs complex), separated by a deka-m thick lithic tuffaceous aquitard (YT). In the coastal zone, this YT aquitard is absent resulting in one single unconfined shallow aquifer (Figure 3a), hosted in the dune complex [65]. The surface hydrography is controlled by a reclamation drainage system of micro-channels, which locally crosses the whole retro-dunal zone of the coastal plain and whose altitude is very close to the sea level or just below it (Figure 1c).…”

Hydrogeology of continental southern Italy

“…Deposits only rarely present a low cementation grade, and their permeability is due to primary porosity. Depending on the occurrence of lowpermeability levels interbedded within the aquifer deposits, at the local scale, the groundwater flow occurs in a multilayered aquifer system in which confined and unconfined aquifers can coexist (Allocca et al, 2018). Instead, at a large denominator scale, the behaviour of these composite groundwater bodies can be considered as unitary with a common circulation pattern (Celico, 1983).…”