Hydrogeological features affecting spatial distribution of glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater and surface water in an agroecosystem. Córdoba, Argentina

Abstract

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Determination of Glyphosate in Water from a Rural Locality in México and Its Implications for the Population Based on Water Consumption and Use Habits

“…Figure 8 shows the amount of glyphosate that the population of Tenampulco is likely to be exposed to in a year. Factors such as rainfall [ 11 ], orography and hydrogeology [ 9 ] of the region favor that, in some spots of the municipality and during the different seasons of the year, there is a greater probability of ingesting the herbicide.…”

“…Figure 8 shows the amount of glyphosate that the population of Tenampulco is likely to be exposed to in a year. Factors such as rainfall [11], orography and hydrogeology [9] of the region favor that, in some spots of the municipality and during the different seasons of the year, there is a greater probability of ingesting the herbicide. The average amount of glyphosate that the population of Tenampulco is potentially exposed to through water use and consumption from wells is 6.1 µg per day, although there are places where the amount of glyphosate exceeds 20 µg per day.…”

“…Due to the extensive use and poor disposal of the waste, this herbicide is widely distributed in aquatic environments such as groundwater and surface water around the world; trace amounts have Due to the extensive use and poor disposal of the waste, this herbicide is widely distributed in aquatic environments such as groundwater and surface water around the world; trace amounts have been reported in Australia (0.0011 mg/L) [1], Canada (0.0006 mg/L) [7], France (0.0059 mg/L) [8] and Argentina (0.002 mg/L) [9]. In Mexico, it has been reported for two cities, Campeche (0.0017 mg/L) [10] and Chiapas (0.0184 mg/L) [11].…”

Pesticides in water sources used for human consumption in the semiarid region of Argentina

“…The lower frequencies and concentrations found in boreholes coincide with other studies [16,31], although Primost et al [46] did not detect these compounds in aquifers of the province of Entre Ríos with depths similar to Sachayoj, and Okada et al [47] did not find an association between depth and presence of glyphosate or AMPA. Lutri et al [52] detected glyphosate (1.2-2.0 µg L −1 ) and AMPA (1.5-3.1 µg L −1 ) in 15.8% of groundwater samples, pointing out that their detection was related to areas with shallow water table (< 4 m), low hydraulic conductivity (1.5 m d −1 ), low hydraulic gradient (0.16%) and very low flow rate (0.024 m d −1 ). Their presence in an unconfined aquifer shows that their use under the predominant agricultural model exceeds the degradation potential of the soil system, causing groundwater contamination.…”

Cytotoxic effects of Roundup Classic and its components on NE-4C and MC3T3-E1 cell lines determined by biochemical and flow cytometric assays

“…Acting on plants by blocking the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophane, phenylalanine) though the inhibition of the shikimic acid biosynthesis pathway [7] , [8] , it is phytotoxic to practically all vegetal organisms with the exception of glyphosate-resistant weeds evolved by natural selection of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant GM crops [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] . Due to its ongoing immense application volume, currently, glyphosate exerts a substantial environmental load, became a ubiquitous surface water contaminant [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , and can result in unintended exposure of humans and other non-target organisms though its residues in environmental matrices and food [3] , [4] , [11] , [19] , [20] .…”