Hydrogeomorphological analysis for hydraulic public domain definition: case study in Carrión River (Palencia, Spain)

Hydrogeomorphology as a Tool in the Evolutionary Analysis of the Dynamic Landscape—Application to Larrodrigo, Salamanca, Spain

“…Depositional forms were set apart into low terraces, colluviums, structural surfaces, alluvial cones, fans, bars and plains. More details on the methodology can be found in Lombana and Martinez [12] (Figure 3). Based on these models, geomorphic elements were classified into different grou differentiating the units associated with sedimentary and erosion processes.…”

“…Erosion g morphic units were delimited under four categories: low-water channels, second drainages, abandoned channels and historical channels. Depositional forms were set ap into low terraces, colluviums, structural surfaces, alluvial cones, fans, bars and pla More details on the methodology can be found in Lombana and Martinez [12] (Figure Subsequently, secondary, abandoned, and historical channels were categorized into Type A, B and C flows [21]: (a) Type A flows are those channels that in recent years have presented flows associated with low return periods (less than 5 years); (b) Type B drainages are related to higher return periods, and although surface flow is not directly observed, riparian vegetation can be found adjacent to its course; (c) Type C flows correspond to channels that could eventually present a flow of water in high return periods (greater than 50 years) and are associated with fluvial escarpments. This classification was made considering current water flows, which can be identified using high-resolution aerial imagery.…”

“…Geomorphic landscape studies have employed geographic information systems (GIS), which have been developed extensively in recent decades. The tools for measuring the topography of riverbeds and hillslopes have advanced exponentially, going from topographic maps, with high fieldwork requirements and low precision, to terrain models and digital maps, which cover large portions of the territory with high resolution [3,4,[10][11][12].…”

“…These studies have employed a combination of aerial and satellite imagery and digital terrain models (DTMs), datasets that have allowed detailed extraction of geomorphic parameters and their quantification for a wide range of purposes [3,5,12]. Consequently, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data have been used to carry out studies of landforms that could not previously be analyzed [13,14].…”

A Flood Mapping Method for Land Use Management in Small-Size Water Bodies: Validation of Spectral Indexes and a Machine Learning Technique

“…It has a channel length of 197 km, with a drainage area of 3368 km 2 , average values of width of 40 m, river level of 0.5 m, discharges of 12 m 3 /s, and an annual maximum of 38 m 3 /s [30]. This river presents a marked lateral migration with a wide alluvial plain, where an active and/or abandoned drainage network can be identified [31]. Throughout its alluvial plain, agricultural activities and urban land uses can be found, so different elements can be exposed to flood risks [32].…”