Hydrography and local sources of dissolved trace metals Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd in the northeast Atlantic Ocean

Saager, Paul M.; Baar, H. J. W. de; Jong, Jeroen de; Nolting, R.F.; Schijf, Johan

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00038-8

Cited by 74 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The seasonally measured concentrations of dissolved trace metals concentrations in the outer Corcubión Sound (Table 3) are within the range of concentrations observed in several studies of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean (Middelburg et al, 1988;Donat and Bruland, 1995;Landing et al, 1995;Saager et al, 1997;Ellwood and van der Berg, 2000;Cotté-Krief et al, 2000). Nevertheless, the Ni and Pb levels in the Sound are slightly higher than the highest measured values in Open Ocean (3.6 nM and 0.22 nM, respectively).…”

Section: Allochthonous Sources Of Metals In the Sound: Oceanic Influencesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Comparable concentrations of dissolved metals in ENACW waters as those of the Sound are found in other regions as the middle Atlantic and Celtic Sea, e.g. Cd and Pb, but lower for Ni and Cu (Brügmann et al, 1985;Lambert et al, 1991;Saager et al, 1997;Cotté-Krief et al, 2002). The present study in the Corcubión Sound represents a step forward, but more research of trace metals levels and their biogeochemical processes in the Galician upwelling is necessary.…”

Section: Allochthonous Sources Of Metals In the Sound: Oceanic Influencementioning

confidence: 95%

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Trace metals in the NE Atlantic coastal zone of Finisterre (Iberian Peninsula): Terrestrial and marine sources and rates of sedimentation

Prego¹,

Santos-Echeandía²,

Bernárdez³

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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Abstract. The biogeochemical patterns of bioactive metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, V and Zn) and Pb were studied in the Corcubión Sound, an area close to Cape Finisterre (NW Iberian Peninsula). Seasonal patterns of dissolved and particulate trace metals in the freshwater and seawater, as well as in the phytoplankton were determined during three upwelling events in the winter, late spring and summer of 2005. Metals were also analysed in the surface and to 1 m-depth in the sediments. Upwelling patterns permit the discrimination between those of the outer Sound and Corcubión Inlet. Dissolved trace metals concentrations in the seawater of the outer Sound were in the range of those reported for the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Mean values of dissolved metals concentrations in the upwelled ENACW were: 0.07±0.03 nMCd, 0.11±0.02 nMCo, 2.6±1.6 nMCu, 4.6±0.6 nMNi, 0.20±0.10 nMPb, 31±2 nMV and 3.8±2.3 nMZn. Higher values for dissolved Co, Cu and Zn were measured in two inflowing streams and in the Inlet. A severe-moderate contamination of these metals and Pb was detected in the sediments of the Inlet. Three different sediment layers were observed in cores located at the outer-Inlet boundary. The most recent showed the highest mass accumulation rates, mainly of Cu (e.g. 428 mgCu m -2 yr -1 ), Pb and Zn, during the last decade. The intermediate unit corresponds to the 20 th century (e.g. 39 mgCu m -2 yr -1 ) and the deeper layer from the 19 th to 14 th centuries can be regarded as representing the pre-industrial period, and show the lowest rates of metal accumulation (e.g. 7 mgCu m -2 yr -1 ). Diatoms were the main autochthonous source of metals in the sediments. The genus Chaetoceros, Lauderia dominates in the overlaying seawater during winter and Pseudonitzschia and Leptocylindrus were typical of summer blooms whilst in the sediments Chaetoceros, Paralia, Leptocylindrus and Thalassionema were the main diatoms genera. The comparison of the normalized metal vs. Si in the phytoplankton and vs Si in the biogenic opal of the sediment shows a prevailing lithogenic-anthropogenic origin of metals such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and V while the upwelling was the main source for Cd in the sediments because of settling of diatoms. The continental influence and metal contamination is restricted to the innermost part of Sound during the last century where the anthropogenic activities supply Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Seasonally, dissolved trace metals concentrations in the outer Sound are within the normal range measured in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean. The Sound system is pristine compared with the neighbouring and anthropogenically disturbed Rias, and may be a good reference of natural trace metal levels along the north-eastern Atlantic coast.

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Section: Allochthonous Sources Of Metals In the Sound: Oceanic Influencesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Allochthonous Sources Of Metals In the Sound: Oceanic Influencementioning

confidence: 95%

Trace metals in the NE Atlantic coastal zone of Finisterre (Iberian Peninsula): Terrestrial and marine sources and rates of sedimentation

Prego¹,

Santos-Echeandía²,

Bernárdez³

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…the bloom Table 3 . These concentrations belong to the lowest ones reported for this area, and are comparable to those found in oligotrophic surface waters Ž of the north Atlantic Boyle et al, 1981;Martin et al, 1993;Saager et al, 1997 . Ž .…”

Section: Vertical Distributions In Filtered Waterssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Despite the fact that Ni shows a nutrient-like vertical distribution Ž in the open oceans Bruland, 1980;Saager et al, . 1992;Saager et al, 1997 , it appears that its concentration in oceanic surface waters is not depleted and Ž more or less uniform around 3 nM Bruland, 1980;Kremling and Pohl, 1989;Saager et al, 1992;Martin . et al, 1993;Saager et al, 1997 .…”

Section: Distributions In Unfiltered Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1992;Saager et al, 1997 , it appears that its concentration in oceanic surface waters is not depleted and Ž more or less uniform around 3 nM Bruland, 1980;Kremling and Pohl, 1989;Saager et al, 1992;Martin . et al, 1993;Saager et al, 1997 . Our unfiltered Ni concentrations are also in very good agreement with the filtered values given by Kremling and Hydes Ž .…”

Section: Distributions In Unfiltered Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical fractionation of zinc versus cadmium among other metals nickel, copper and lead in the northern North Sea

et al. 1999

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Trace Metals in the Oceans: Evolution, Biology and Global Change

Baar

2003

Marine Science Frontiers for Europe

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All living organisms require several essential trace metal elements. During biological evolution of prokaryotes and later on also eukaryotes several metals became incorporated as essential factors in many biochemical functions more or less in accordance with the abundance of these metals on the planet. As a result the biological importance of first row transition metals can be ranked roughly in the order Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni. The second row metals Ag and Cd or third row metals like Hg and Pb appear to have no biological function, except possibly for Cd. Iron (Fe) being the fourth most abundant element in the crust of the planet has also played a role to temper the evolution of biogenic oxygen (02) in the atmosphere and oceans. Yet eventually 02 has taken over the biosphere where now both atmosphere and ocean are strongly oxidizing. Inside every living cell the primordial reducing conditions have remained however. Therefore enzyme systems based on metal couples Fe-Mn and Cu-Zn are required to protect the cell interior from damage by reactive oxygen species. The key role of metals in these and many other enzymes as well as in protein folding is one of the major vectors in biological diversity at both the molecular and the species level. Abundance and biological role of metals in the oceans are being discovered only since 1976 and many questions remain. Until now many metals appear to be tightly linked with the large scale biological cycling. Recently the significance of very fine colloids as well as dissolved organic metal-complexes has been shown. Plankton ecosystems now appear to be governed by co-limitation of several essential metals, where the biological fractionation of their stable isotopes is expected to give rise to significant shifts in isotopic ratio for any given metal element. Co-limitation of plankton growth is consistent also with observed interactions between metals. Firstly substitution of for example Co or Cd for Zn is known for some but not all phytoplankton taxa. Secondly the cellular uptake of one metal, e.g. Cd, may respond to a complex matrix of other metals like Zn, Mn and possibly Fe. By mining and industrial use of metals, land use change and irrigation, mankind has greatly modified the abundances and mutual ratio's of metals in the biosphere. Biota can to some extent resist the ensuing external stress through cellular homeostasis. However at highly elevated levels or excessive metal ratio's several biological species cannot longer exist and major shifts of ecosystems and their diversity do occur. Likely such changes have already taken place for centuries and as such have largely gone unnoticed. The past decade was the onset of the iron age in oceanography. Nowadays Fe is known to be a severely limiting element in some 40 % of the world oceans. This limitation is sometimes relieved by aeolian supply of continental dust, but most Fe supply is actually from below emanating of reducing sediments. With adequate Fe there is a systematic response by the class of very large oceanic diatoms, the...

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Hydrography and local sources of dissolved trace metals Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd in the northeast Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 74 publications

References 60 publications

Trace metals in the NE Atlantic coastal zone of Finisterre (Iberian Peninsula): Terrestrial and marine sources and rates of sedimentation

Trace metals in the NE Atlantic coastal zone of Finisterre (Iberian Peninsula): Terrestrial and marine sources and rates of sedimentation

Chemical fractionation of zinc versus cadmium among other metals nickel, copper and lead in the northern North Sea

Trace Metals in the Oceans: Evolution, Biology and Global Change

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