Hydrography and mollusc faunas of the Baltic and the White Sea–North Sea seaway in the Eemian

Funder, Svend; Demidov, Igor; Yelovicheva, Yadviga

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(02)00256-0

Cited by 140 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…From their oceanic temperature signal, de Geer (1896) correlated these faunas with the Eemian marine faunas at the type-site in Holland. This was later confirmed by pollen analyses (Devyatova 1982;Funder et al 2002). Older marine sediments with similar faunas (the Likhvin or Northern Transgression) have been described from localities at the upper Pyoza River (Biske & Devyatova 1965).…”

Section: Marine Marker Bedsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…This has been summarized by Biske & Devyatova (1965) and Devyatova (1982), and more recently by Houmark-Nielsen et al (2001), Lyså et al (2001), Funder et al (2002), Nielsen & Funder (2003) and Grøsfjeld et al (2006). The Eemian sediments from northern Russia are traditionally distinguished by their 'warm' boreal components in the mollusc fauna, i.e.…”

Section: Marine Marker Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4A, 6A; Lyså et al 2001;Nielsen & Funder 2003;Grøsfjeld et al 2006). The glaciomarine diamicton is characterized by sparse arctic faunas, but warmer than present boreal mollusc species that entered the area immediately after the beginning of the Eemian (Funder et al 2002;Grøsfjeld et al 2006;Lambeck et al 2006). Owing to isostatic emergence and regression, the late Eemian occurs in only a few exposures (Grøsfjeld et al 2006).…”

Section: Sp 1: Eemian Marinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia

Larsen¹,

Kjær

Demidov

et al. 2006

Boreas

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135

179

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Five regionally significant Weichselian glacial events, each separated by terrestrial and marine interstadial conditions, are described from northwestern Russia. The first glacial event took place in the Early Weichselian. An ice sheet centred in the Kara Sea area dammed up a large lake in the Pechora lowland. Water was discharged across a threshold on the Timan Ridge and via an ice‐free corridor between the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and the Kara Sea Ice Sheet to the west and north into the Barents Sea. The next glaciation occurred around 75–70 kyr BP after an interstadial episode that lasted c. 15 kyr. A local ice cap developed over the Timan Ridge at the transition to the Middle Weichselian. Shortly after deglaciation of the Timan ice cap, an ice sheet centred in the Barents Sea reached the area. The configuration of this ice sheet suggests that it was confluent with the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Consequently, around 70–65 kyr BP a huge ice‐dammed lake formed in the White Sea basin (the ‘White Sea Lake’), only now the outlet across the Timan Ridge discharged water eastward into the Pechora area. The Barents Sea Ice Sheet likely suffered marine down‐draw that led to its rapid collapse. The White Sea Lake drained into the Barents Sea, and marine inundation and interstadial conditions followed between 65 and 55 kyr BP. The glaciation that followed was centred in the Kara Sea area around 55–45 kyr BP. Northward directed fluvial runoff in the Arkhangelsk region indicates that the Kara Sea Ice Sheet was independent of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and that the Barents Sea remained ice free. This glaciation was succeeded by a c. 20‐kyr‐long ice‐free and periglacial period before the Scandinavian Ice Sheet invaded from the west, and joined with the Barents Sea Ice Sheet in the northernmost areas of northwestern Russia. The study area seems to be the only region that was invaded by all three ice sheets during the Weichselian. A general increase in ice‐sheet size and the westwards migrating ice‐sheet dominance with time was reversed in Middle Weichselian time to an easterly dominated ice‐sheet configuration. This sequence of events resulted in a complex lake history with spillways being re‐used and ice‐dammed lakes appearing at different places along the ice margins at different times.

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Section: Marine Marker Bedsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Marine Marker Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sp 1: Eemian Marinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia

Larsen¹,

Kjær

Demidov

et al. 2006

Boreas

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179

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“…Palaeontological data from M-III sediments show several subarcticboreal warmer-than-present indicators (Buccinum undatum and Balanus crenatus, Polydoria ciliata burrows on shell surfaces). According to Funder et al (2002) a boreal-subarctic biogeographical zone extended through the Barents and the Kara Seas to Taymyr during the Eemian, as opposed to present-day arctic conditions, which support an Eemian age of this unit. Although nearly all of the foraminifera are arctic species, a few specimens of Trifarina cf.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severnaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia: a nucleation area for Kara Sea ice sheets during the Middle to Late Quaternary

Möller

Lubinski

Inǵólfsson

et al. 2006

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and relative sea-level changes reveal at least four expansions of the Kara Sea ice sheet over the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago at 791N in the Russian Arctic, as indicated from tills interbedded with marine sediments, exposed in stratigraphic superposition, and from raised-beach sequences that occur at altitudes up to 140 m a.s.l. Chronologic control is provided by AMS 14 C, electron-spin resonance, green-stimulated luminescence, and aspartic-acid geochronology. Major glaciations followed by deglaciation and marine inundation occurred during MIS 10-9, MIS 8-7, MIS 6-5e and MIS 5d-3. The MIS 6-5e event, associated with the high marine limit, implies ice-sheet thickness of 42000 m only 200 km from the deep Arctic Ocean, consistent with published evidence of ice grounding at $1000 m water depth in the central Arctic Ocean. Till fabrics and glacial tectonics record repeated expansions of local ice caps exclusively, suggesting wet-based ice cap advance followed by cold-based regional ice-sheet expansion. Local ice caps over highland sites along the perimeter of the shallow Kara Sea, including the Byrranga Mountains, appear to have repeatedly fostered initiation of a large Kara Sea ice sheet, with exception of the Last Glacial Maximum (MIS 2), when Kara Sea ice did not impact Severnaya Zemlya and barely graced northernmost Taymyr Peninsula. r

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“…Relative chronological control was obtained by using the Eemian marine sediments as a lower marker bed (Devyatova 1982;Larsen et al 1999;Funder et al 2002) and by distinguishing tills of Scandinavian origin from older Weichselian tills of Barents and Kara Sea origin by their content of provenance-dependent erratics and other directional properties (HoumarkNielsen et al 2001;Kjaer et al 2001Kjaer et al , 2003Kjaer et al , 2006Larsen et al 2006a, b). Till of successive advances of SIS contain erratic clasts from the Fennoscandian Shield such as Precambrian granites, gneisses, basic rocks and quartzite from the Karelia ÁKola province; in particular, Kola Peninsula nepheline syenites are found dispersed in the northern part of the Arkhangelsk district.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The last Scandinavian Ice Sheet in northwestern Russia: ice flow patterns and decay dynamics

Demidov¹,

Houmark‐Nielsen²,

Kjær³

et al. 2006

Boreas

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Advance of the Late Weichselian (Valdaian) Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) in northwestern Russia took place after a period of periglacial conditions. Till of the last SIS, Bobrovo till, overlies glacial deposits from the previous Barents and Kara Sea ice sheets and marine deposits of the Last Interglacial. The till is identified by its contents of Scandinavian erratics and it has directional properties of westerly provenance. Above the deglaciation sediments, and extra marginally, it is replaced by glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits. At its maximum extent, the last SIS was more restricted in Russia than previously outlined and the time of termination at 18 Á16 cal. kyr BP was almost 10 kyr delayed compared to the southwestern part of the ice sheet. We argue that the lithology of the ice sheets' substrate, and especially the location of former proglacial lake basins, influenced the dynamics of the ice sheet and guided the direction of flow. We advocate that, while reaching the maximum extent, lobe-shaped glaciers protruded eastward from SIS and moved along the path of water-filled lowland basins. Ice-sheet collapse and deglaciation in the region commenced when ice lobes were detached from the main ice sheet. During the Lateglacial warming, disintegration and melting took place in a 200 Á600 km wide zone along the northeastern rim of SIS associated with thick Quaternary accumulations. Deglaciation occurred through aerial downwasting within large fields of dead ice developed during successively detached ice lobes. Deglaciation led to the development of hummocky moraine landscapes with scattered periglacial and ice-dammed lakes, while a subarctic flora invaded the region.

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Hydrography and mollusc faunas of the Baltic and the White Sea–North Sea seaway in the Eemian

Cited by 140 publications

References 40 publications

Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia

Late Pleistocene glacial and lake history of northwestern Russia

Severnaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia: a nucleation area for Kara Sea ice sheets during the Middle to Late Quaternary

The last Scandinavian Ice Sheet in northwestern Russia: ice flow patterns and decay dynamics

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