Hydrologic coupling of slopes, riparian zones and streams: an example from the Canadian Shield

Buttle, J. M.; Dillon, Peter J.; Eerkes, G.R

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.022

Cited by 149 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although individual hillslope throughflow development has often been associated with precipitation thresholds [e.g., Buttle et al, 2004;Tromp-van Meerveld and McDonnell, 2006b;McGuire and McDonnell, 2010], it was likely often due to hillslope storage thresholds rather than event size per se. In this case, different size hillslopes would have different precipitation/input thresholds for hydrologic response because of the storage potential and legacy of past precipitation and redistribution downslope.…”

Section: 1002/2014wr016719mentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial and temporal evolution of contributing areas

Nippgen

McGlynn

Emanuel

2015

Water Resources Research

101

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Predicting runoff source areas and how they change through time is a challenge in hydrology.Topographically induced lateral water redistribution and water removal through evapotranspiration lead to spatially and temporally variable patterns of watershed water storage. These dynamic storage patterns combined with threshold mediation of saturated subsurface throughflow lead to runoff source areas that are dynamic through time. To investigate these processes and their manifestation in watershed runoff, we developed and applied a parsimonious but spatially distributed model (WECOH-Watershed ECOHydrology). Evapotranspiration was measured via an eddy-covariance tower located within the catchment and disaggregated as a function of vegetation structure. This modeling approach reproduced the stream hydrograph well and was internally consistent with observed watershed runoff patterns and behavior. We further examined the spatial patterns of water storage and their evolution through time by building on past research focused on landscape hydrologic connectivity. The percentage of landscape area connected to the stream network ranged from less than 1% during the fall and winter base flow period to 71% during snowmelt. Over the course of the 2 year study period, 90% of the watershed areas were connected to the stream network for at least 1 day, leaving 10% of area that never became connected. Runoff source areas during the event shifted from riparian dominated runoff to areas at greater distances from the stream network when hillslopes became connected. Our modeling approach elucidates and enables quantification and prediction of watershed active areas and those active areas connected to the stream network through time.

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Section: 1002/2014wr016719mentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatial and temporal evolution of contributing areas

Nippgen

McGlynn

Emanuel

2015

Water Resources Research

101

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“…Indices that combine surface topographical information with local climatic data, soil maps or groundwater table maps are often used to delineate riparian zones and wetlands (Beven and Kirkby, 1979;Merot et al, 2003;Rodhe and Seibert, 1999;Andersson and Nyberg, 2009). While these indices are generally suitable for areas with hilly topography and shallow soils overlying confined layers, they have shortcomings in more gently sloping terrain (Buttle et al, 2004;Buttle et al, 2001). Emerging technologies such as detailed digital elevation models and high-resolution remote-sensing methods combining laser scanning and hyperspectral imagery ) will be useful to improve the delineation and characterization of riparian zones, and inundation area and depth in floodplains.…”

Section: Biogeochemistry In Riparian Zones and Delivery To Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models

et al. 2013

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Abstract. In river basins, soils, groundwater, riparian zones and floodplains, streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs act as successive filters in which the hydrology, ecology and biogeochemical processing are strongly coupled and together act to retain a significant fraction of the nutrients transported. This paper compares existing river ecology concepts with current approaches to describe river biogeochemistry, and assesses the value of these concepts and approaches for understanding the impacts of interacting global change disturbances on river biogeochemistry. Through merging perspectives, concepts, and modeling techniques, we propose integrated model approaches that encompass both aquatic and terrestrial components in heterogeneous landscapes. In this model framework, existing ecological and biogeochemical concepts are extended with a balanced approach for assessing nutrient and sediment delivery, on the one hand, and nutrient in-stream retention on the other hand.

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“…Here, hydrochemical patterns were attributed to differences in vegetation, geologic substrates and wetland areas. Other studies found soil depth (Buttle et al, 2004;Kosugi et al, 2006) or active zones of seeping deep groundwater (Asano et al, 2009;Zimmer et al, 2012) to be important factors for baseflow generation. However, the importance of different spatial controls varies with geographic settings and especially steep pre-alpine regions with high precipitation amounts (P > 2000 mm year -1 ) are not fully understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contributing sources to baseflow in pre‐alpine headwaters using spatial snapshot sampling

Fischer

Rinderer

Schneider

et al. 2015

Hydrological Processes

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Mountainous headwaters consist of different landscape units including forests, meadows and wetlands. In these headwaters it is unclear which landscape units contribute what percentage to baseflow. In this study, we analysed spatiotemporal differences in baseflow isotope and hydrochemistry to identify catchment-scale runoff contribution. Three baseflow snapshot sampling campaigns were performed in the Swiss pre-alpine headwater catchment of the Zwäckentobel (4.25km2) and six of its adjacent subcatchments. The spatial and temporal variability of 2H, Ca, DOC, AT, pH, SO4, Mg and H4SiO4 of streamflow, groundwater and spring water samples was analysed and related to catchment area and wetland percentage using bivariate and multivariate methods. Our study found that in the six subcatchments, with variable arrangements of landscape units, the inter-and intra catchment variability of isotopic and hydrochemical compositions was small and generally not significant. Stream samples were distinctly different from shallow groundwater. An upper spring zone located near the water divide above 1,400 m and a larger wetland were identified by their distinct spatial isotopic and hydrochemical composition. The upstream wetland percentage was not correlated to the hydrochemical streamflow composition, suggesting that wetlands were less connected and act as passive features with a negligible contribution to baseflow runoff. The isotopic and hydrochemical composition of baseflow changed slightly from the upper spring zone towards the subcatchment outlets and corresponded to the signature of deep groundwater. Our results confirm the need and benefits of spatially distributed snapshot sampling to derive process understanding of heterogeneous headwaters during baseflow. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10529Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-111985 Accepted Version Originally published at: Fischer, Benjamin M C; Rinderer, Michael; Schneider, Philipp; Ewen, Tracy; Seibert, Jan (2015). Contributing sources to baseflow in pre-alpine headwaters using spatial snapshot sampling. Hydrological Processes, 29(26):5321-5336. DOI: https://doi.org/10. 1002/hyp.10529 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/hyp.10529 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Contributing sources to baseflow in pre-alpine headwaters using spatial snapshot sampling ABSTRACTMountainous headwaters consist of different landscape units including forests, meadows and wetlands. In these headwaters it is unclear which landscape units contribute what percentage to baseflow. In this study, we analysed spatiotemporal differences in baseflow isotope and hydrochemistry to identify catchment-scale runoff contribution. Three baseflow s...

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Hydrologic coupling of slopes, riparian zones and streams: an example from the Canadian Shield

Cited by 149 publications

References 35 publications

The spatial and temporal evolution of contributing areas

The spatial and temporal evolution of contributing areas

Nutrient dynamics, transfer and retention along the aquatic continuum from land to ocean: towards integration of ecological and biogeochemical models

Contributing sources to baseflow in pre‐alpine headwaters using spatial snapshot sampling

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