Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California

Schneider, Tiffany Rae; McFarland, William D.

doi:10.3133/ofr95750

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Vadose zone temperatures at the volcano are highly variable as a result of hydrothermal heating of groundwater, but the lowest deep vadose zone temperatures represent groundwater recharge temperature prior to heating (∼3.0 ± 0.1°C, logged by USGS October 1998). This temperature agrees well with the temperatures measured at the coldest springs (∼2.6°C) within the volcanic crater [ Schneider and McFarland , ]. Spring flows in the vicinity of Fall River Springs (Figure ) average ∼34 m 3 /s of ∼12°C water [ Waring , ; Davisson and Rose , ].…”

Section: Example: Medicine Lake Highlands Hydrologic Systemsupporting

confidence: 81%

Thermal effect of climate change on groundwater‐fed ecosystems

Burns¹,

Yong-hui

Zhan

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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Groundwater temperature changes will lag surface temperature changes from a changing climate. Steady state solutions of the heat‐transport equations are used to identify key processes that control the long‐term thermal response of springs and other groundwater discharge to climate change, in particular changes in (1) groundwater recharge rate and temperature and (2) land‐surface temperature transmitted through the vadose zone. Transient solutions are developed to estimate the time required for new thermal signals to arrive at ecosystems. The solution is applied to the volcanic Medicine Lake highlands, California, USA, and associated springs complexes that host groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. In this system, upper basin groundwater temperatures are strongly affected only by recharge conditions. However, as the vadose zone thins away from the highlands, changes in the average annual land‐surface temperature also influence groundwater temperatures. Transient response to temperature change depends on both the conductive time scale and the rate at which recharge delivers heat. Most of the thermal response of groundwater at high elevations will occur within 20 years of a shift in recharge temperatures, but the large lower elevation springs will respond more slowly, with about half of the conductive response occurring within the first 20 years and about half of the advective response to higher recharge temperatures occurring in approximately 60 years.

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Section: Example: Medicine Lake Highlands Hydrologic Systemsupporting

confidence: 81%

Thermal effect of climate change on groundwater‐fed ecosystems

Burns¹,

Yong-hui

Zhan

et al. 2017

Water Resources Research

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“…In September 1992, temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH data were collected at Medicine Lake using a multiparameter probe (Schneider & McFarland, 1996).…”

Section: Hydrocast Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: the view from Medicine Lake

Starratt

2009

Hydrobiologia

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Medicine Lake is a small (165 ha), relatively shallow (average 7.3 m), intermediate elevation (2,036 m) lake located within the summit caldera of Medicine Lake volcano, Siskiyou County, California, USA. Sediment cores and high-resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection data were collected from the lake during the fall of 1999 and 2000. Sediments were analyzed for diatoms, pollen, density, grain size (sand/ mud ratio), total organic carbon (TOC), and microscale fabric analysis. Using both 14 C (AMS) dating and tephrochronology, the basal sediments were estimated to have been deposited about 11,400 cal year BP, thus yielding an estimated average sedimentation rate of about 20.66 cm/1,000 year. The lowermost part of the core (11,400-10,300 cal year BP) contains the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. From about 11,000-5,500 cal year BP, Medicine Lake consisted of two small, steep-sided lakes or one lake with two steep-sided basins connected by a shallow shelf. During this time, both the pollen (Abies/Artemisia ratio) and the diatom (Cyclotella/Navicula ratio) evidences indicate that the effective moisture increased, leading to a deeper lake. Over the past 5,500 years, the pollen record shows that effective moisture continued to increase, and the diatom record indicates fluctuations in the lake level. The change in the lake level pattern from one of the increasing depths prior to about 6,000 cal year BP to one of the variable depths may be related to changes in the morphology of the Medicine Lake caldera associated with the movement of magma and the eruption of the Medicine Lake Glass Flow about 5,120 cal year BP. These changes in basin morphology caused Medicine Lake to flood the shallow shelf which surrounds the deeper part of the lake. During this period, the Cyclotella/Navicula ratio and the percent abundance of Isoetes vary, suggesting that the level of the lake fluctuated, resulting in changes in the shelf area available for colonization by benthic diatoms and Isoetes. These fluctuations are not typical of the small number of low-elevation Holocene lake records in the region, and probably reflect the hydrologic conditions unique to Medicine Lake.

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Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for Medicine Lake Volcano, California

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal effect of climate change on groundwater‐fed ecosystems

Thermal effect of climate change on groundwater‐fed ecosystems

Holocene climate on the Modoc Plateau, northern California, USA: the view from Medicine Lake

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