Hydrological behaviour of sub-Mediterranean alpine headwater streams in a badlands environment

Cras, A.; Marc, Vincent; Travi, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.03.004

Cited by 37 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The small catchment (0.86 km 2 ) is heavily instrumented, with continuous monitoring of rainfall, river water discharge, river solid load transport, total dissolved fluxes and physical erosion rates over the last four decades (Cras et al, 2007;Mathys et al, 2003). These measurements provide hydrodynamic and geomorphic context for any studies of oxidative weathering.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Soulet¹,

Hilton²,

Garnett³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks can release carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and is an important natural CO2 emission. Two mechanisms operate -the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter and the dissolution of carbonate 10 minerals by sulphuric acid. It has proved difficult to directly measure the rates of these weathering processes in the field, with previous work generally using indirect methods which track the dissolved products of these reactions in rivers. Here we design a chamber method to measure CO2 production during the oxidative weathering of shale bedrock, which can be applied in erosive environments where rocks are exposed frequently to the atmosphere. The chamber is drilled directly into the rock face and is a relatively low cost method to provide a long-lived (several months or more), oxygenated environment in contact with 15 a surface area of potential reactant. To partition the measured CO2 fluxes and the source of CO2, we use zeolite molecular sieves to trap CO2 'actively' (over several hours) or 'passively' (over a period of months). The approaches produce comparable results, with the trapped CO2 having a fraction modern ranging from 0.05 to 0.06 and demonstrating relatively little contamination from local atmospheric CO2 (fraction modern of 1.01). We use stable isotopes of the trapped CO2 to partition between an organic and inorganic carbon source. The measured fluxes of rock-derived organic matter oxidation and carbonate 20 dissolution by sulphuric acid from a single chamber were high, but consistent with the high erosion rate of the study region (of ~5 mm yr -1 ). We propose our in situ method has the potential to be more widely deployed to directly measure CO2 fluxes during the oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks, allowing for the spatial and temporal variability in these fluxes to be determined.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulphide minerals are widespread as disseminated pyrite and veins which outcrop in the catchment (Cras et al, 2007 (Graz et al, 2012;Mathys et al, 2003). Assuming an average rock density of ~2.2 t m -3…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Soulet¹,

Hilton²,

Garnett³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since then, the application of hydrograph separation together with hydrometric observation became state of the art in the global North, but much less in the global South, in particular in remote area of Africa with its unique hydro-climatic and other physiographic settings. However, hydrograph separation methods were applied before to semiarid or better sub-humid catchments with the support of well data (Cras et al, 2007;Marc et al, 2011;Hrachowitz et al 2011), but these study sites are different than the study area in Rwanda.…”

Section: O Munyaneza Et Al: Identification Of Runoff Generation Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of runoff generation processes using hydrometric and tracer methods in a meso-scale catchment in Rwanda

Munyaneza

Wenninger

Uhlenbrook

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Understanding of dominant runoff generation processes in the meso-scale Migina catchment (257.4 km 2 ) in southern Rwanda was improved using analysis of hydrometric data and tracer methods. The paper examines the use of hydrochemical and isotope parameters for separating streamflow into different runoff components by investigating two flood events which occurred during the rainy season "Itumba" (March-May) over a period of 2 yr at two gauging stations. Dissolved silica (SiO 2 ), electrical conductivity (EC), deuterium ( 2 H), oxygen-18 ( 18 O), major anions (Cl − and SO 2− 4 ) and major cations (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ) were analyzed during the events. 2 H, 18 O, Cl − and SiO 2 were finally selected to assess the different contributing sources using mass balance equations and end member mixing analysis for two-and three-component hydrograph separation models. The results obtained by applying two-component hydrograph separations using dissolved silica and chloride as tracers are generally in line with the results of three-component separations using dissolved silica and deuterium. Subsurface runoff is dominating the total discharge during flood events. More than 80 % of the discharge was generated by subsurface runoff for both events. This is supported by observations of shallow groundwater responses in the catchment (depth 0.2-2 m), which show fast infiltration of rainfall water during events. Consequently, shallow groundwater contributes to subsurface stormflow and baseflow generation. This dominance of subsurface contributions is also in line with the observed low runoff coefficient values (16.7 and 44.5 %) for both events. Groundwater recharge during the wet seasons leads to a perennial river system. These results are essential for better water resources planning and management in the region, which is characterized by very highly competing demands (domestic vs. agricultural vs. industrial uses).

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“…Hornberger et al, 1994;Boyer et al, 1997). Therefore, integrative study combining hillslope soil hydrology, trench stream and catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry may improve our understanding of generation of subsurface lateral flow from hillslopes and its contribution to nutrient delivery to the streams at the catchment scale (Cras et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface lateral flow from hillslope and its contribution to nitrate loading in streams through an agricultural catchment during subtropical rainstorm events

Zhang

Tang

Gao

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Subsurface lateral flow from agricultural hillslopes is often overlooked compared with overland flow and tile drain flow, partly due to the difficulties in monitoring and quantifying. The objectives of this study were to examine how subsurface lateral flow generated through soil pedons from cropped hillslopes and to quantify its contribution to nitrate loading in the streams through an agricultural catchment in the subtropical region of China. Profiles of soil water potential along hillslopes and stream hydro-chemographs in a trenched stream below a cropped hillslope and at the catchment outlet were simultaneously recorded during two rainstorm events. The dynamics of soil water potential showed positive matrix soil water potential over impermeable soil layer at 0.6 to 1.50 m depths during and after the storms, indicating soil water saturation and drainage processes along the hillslopes irrespective of land uses. The hydro-chemographs in the streams, one trenched below a cropped hillslope and one at the catchment outlet, showed that the concentrations of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus corresponded well to stream flow during the storm, while the nitrate concentration increased on the recession limbs of the hydrographs after the end of the storm. All the synchronous data revealed that nitrate was delivered from the cropped hillslope through subsurface lateral flow to the streams during and after the end of the rainstorms. A chemical mixing model based onCorrespondence to: B. Zhang (bzhang@caas.ac.cn) electricity conductivity (EC) and H + concentration was successfully established, particularly for the trenched stream. The results showed that the subsurface lateral flow accounted for 29 % to 45 % of total stream flow in the trenched stream, responsible for 86 % of total NO − 3 -N loss (or 26 % of total N loss), and for 5.7 % to 7.3 % of total stream flow at the catchment outlet, responsible for about 69 % of total NO − 3 -N loss (or 28 % of total N loss). The results suggest that subsurface lateral flow through hydraulically stratified soil pedons have to be paid more attention for controlling non-point source surface water pollution from intensive agricultural catchment particularly in the subtropical areas with great soil infiltration.

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Hydrological behaviour of sub-Mediterranean alpine headwater streams in a badlands environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Identification of runoff generation processes using hydrometric and tracer methods in a meso-scale catchment in Rwanda

Subsurface lateral flow from hillslope and its contribution to nitrate loading in streams through an agricultural catchment during subtropical rainstorm events

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Hydrological behaviour of sub-Mediterranean alpine headwater streams in a badlands environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 37 publications

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Identification of runoff generation processes using hydrometric and tracer methods in a meso-scale catchment in Rwanda

Subsurface lateral flow from hillslope and its contribution to nitrate loading in streams through an agricultural catchment during subtropical rainstorm events

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Product

Resources

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Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks

Technical note: in situ measurement of flux and isotopic composition of CO<sub>2</sub> released during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks