Hydrological dataset of a sub-humid continental plain basin (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Abstract

The Chaco-Pampean Plain (Argentina) is the strongest economic region and the most inhabited in the country, comprising approximately 66% of the country's population (26,500 million) [1] . In this region, surface slopes are very low (<0.1%) and due to the current climatological features, floods and droughts alternate over time. Salinity and alkalinity of water and soil increase towards the flattest sector of the basin, as well as the contents of arsenic and fluoride, which restrict their human use. Worldwide, population growth and global warming, in addition to political decisions, are leading to abrupt land use changes. Under this premise, identifying and quantifying the hydrological processes that control water quantity and its chemical quality become an imperative task [2] . This data article provides a long-term hydrological dataset from a sector of the Chaco-Pampean Plain, the Del Azul creek basin. Hydrological data such as flow rates and piezometric levels, and physical–chemical (i.e., major and minor solutes, and trace elements) and isotopic (δ 18 O, δ 2 H; and d -excess) data from rainwater, surface (creek and wetland) and groundwater (at two depths) are available. Rainwater samples are derived from three precipitation collectors installed at different altitudes (monitoring period: 2010–2019; n = 57). Surface water samples were collected at three sampling sites located along the Del Azul Creek and six wetlands (monitoring period: 2018–2019; n = 12). Groundwater samples were collected from 17 piezometers with depths ranging between 3 and 10 m, and from 12 piezometers of 30 m depth, all located throughout the entire basin (monitoring period: 2018–2019; n = 115). Sampling campaigns were performed during the austral dry (summer) and wet (spring) seasons. This dataset provides useful information to understand a) how water moves from recharge to discharge areas, b) how water acquires salinity, and c) how particular solutes of concern, such as arsenic and fluoride, are distributed in space and time across in an extensive plain.

Multi-Year Datasets of Groundwater Level and Surface Water Budget in a Central Mediterranean Site

“…Datasets including groundwater level, soil moisture, and meteorological parameters allow to estimate fluxes of water and energy across the atmosphere-land interface and to calculate water budgets [1][2][3][4][5]. Given their fundamental importance in climate and environmental sciences, series of data of hydrological and atmospheric parameters taken at specific sites are becoming increasingly freely shared [6][7][8].…”

Análisis preliminar de la relación entre los isótopos del oxígeno en un sistema hidrológico y en moluscos, en el ámbito de la llanura pampeana (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

“…Para la caracterización hidroquímica de las muestras de agua de lluvia, agua superficial (arroyo del Azul y lagunas) y agua subterránea (acuífero Pampeano), se utilizaron los datos publicados por Zabala et al (2020). Esta información es de libre acceso y la misma puede descargarse desde https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/b34kg4jx7r/1.…”

Different Approaches to Assessing Pollution Load: The Case of Nitrogen-Related Grey Water Footprint of Barley and Soybean in Argentina

“…AD was calculated with the N-NO 3 concentration in rainwater derived from the hydrological dataset of Zabala et al [41], which provides data for Del Azul creek basin to the south of the APR. These authors analysed precipitation (Pp) samples (n = 57) during 2010-2019.…”

“…The soil texture was predominantly loamy with a well-drained profile, and the Ppm was 800 mm. An annual AD value of 0.4 gN/m 2 /y was estimated considering an average rainwater concentration of 0.00056 gN/L [41]. Management practice 10, 15 Average…”