Hydrological Evolution of a Lake Recharged by Groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert Over the Past 140 years

Abstract

Understanding the evolution of lakes in arid areas is very important for water resource management. Previous studies have mainly focused on lakes with runoff recharge, while the evolution of groundwater recharge lakes in hyper-arid areas is still less known. In this study, an 86 cm-long sediment core was extracted from Sayinwusu Lake, one of groundwater-recharge lakes in the southeastern Badain Jaran Desert, Northwest China. 210Pb and 137Cs dating, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, and mineral content analysis were used to reconstruct the lake evolution over the past 140 years. The evolution of Sayinwusu Lake since 1880 can be divided into two periods. In the first period from 1880 to 1950, the TOC and TN contents were low, and the minerals consisted of all detrital minerals, which indicate that the lake’s primary productivity and salinity were low. During the second period from 1950 to 2018, the contents of TOC, TN, and carbonate minerals increased rapidly at the beginning of the 1950s, indicating that the lake’s primary productivity and salinity increased. Comprehensive analysis of regional climate data suggests that the increase in evaporation caused by rising temperature is an important factor affecting lake evolution in the desert. Although precipitation has increased in the arid region of Northwest China in recent decades with increasing temperature, the enhancement of the evaporation effect is much greater. As a record from groundwater recharge lakes in deserts, our study provides new insight into projecting future lake changes in hyper-arid areas.

A prolonged dry Mid-Holocene recorded by Moon Lake in the Tengger Desert, arid and semiarid China

“…The coarse sand component (>418 μm) is alluvial–diluvial sand from the edge of the Tengger Desert and is transported to the lake area by temporary floods triggered by heavy rainfall in mountainous areas (Tsoar and Pye, 1987; Huang et al, 2008; Yin et al, 2009; Dietze et al, 2014; Z.J. Li et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2021). This situation is common in extremely arid desert-edge areas, where temporary floods caused by heavy rainfall from mountainous areas are an important source of groundwater recharge (Dahan et al, 2008; Greenbaum et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2021).…”

“…Jiang et al, 2021). This situation is common in extremely arid desert-edge areas, where temporary floods caused by heavy rainfall from mountainous areas are an important source of groundwater recharge (Dahan et al, 2008;Greenbaum et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2021). Therefore, during the period of frequent temporary floods, the increase in groundwater recharge facilitates the development of lakes in desert areas.…”