Hydrological factors controlling the spread of common reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) in theSt. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada)

Hudon, Christiane; Gagnon, Pierre; Jean, Martin

doi:10.2980/i1195-6860-12-3-347.1

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The ability of introduced P. australis to colonize and then dominate wetland plant communities has been variously linked to shoreline development in New England (Bertness et al 2002;Burdick and Konisky 2003;Silliman and Bertness 2004), prevalence of agriculture and nutrient loading (Kulmatiski et al 2010;Sciance et al 2016), salt tolerance (Vasquez et al 2005), roadside disturbance and dispersal corridors (Jodoin et al 2008;Brisson et al 2010), hydrology (Hudon et al 2005), and superior competitive traits paired with absence of specialized natural enemies (Park and Blossey 2008). This has given rise to research to assess feasibility of biological control for the introduced lineage in North America (Tewksbury et al 2002a;Blossey 2003;Häfliger et al 2006a, b;Blossey and Casagrande 2016).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of invasive Phragmites australis in the Adirondacks: a cautionary tale about prospects of eradication

et al. 2017

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Invasive plant management (largely mechanical and chemical) consumes an ever-increasing portion of budgets for land management organizations, but metrics of success, other than extent of areas treated or resources expended is rarely available. Here we assess success of managing 346 populations of invasive Phragmites australis (range 0.36-4134 m 2 ; cover 37-75%) in the Adirondack Park in upstate New York, USA. We began by treating 18 patches in 2010 using herbicide; gradually adding patches treated annually or intermittently for a total of 334 by the end of the project period. We monitored each population annually and if P. australis was present mapped its spatial extent and estimated cover. We considered P. australis eradicated when live stems were absent from a site for at least three consecutive years. Our treatments reduced size and cover of P. australis populations and eradication was achieved at 104 of 294 sites. However, probability of eradicating P. australis over a 7-year project timeframe was 0.83 for the smallest patches (0.36 m 2 ), whereas at medium (45 m 2 ) and large patches ([3000 m 2 ) probability of eradication decreased to 0.26 and 0.02, respectively. Our results question efficacy of managing large P. australis populations with the goal of eradication. We urge conservation organizations to clearly articulate management objectives beyond short-term suppression of target plants and to promote accountability by providing quantitative measurements of outcomes.

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Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of invasive Phragmites australis in the Adirondacks: a cautionary tale about prospects of eradication

et al. 2017

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“…Consequently, most ecologists presumed that the establishment of new populations resulted from the natural (water) or human-assisted (road construction) spread of stem and rhizome fragments (Gervais et al 1993;Chambers et al 1999;Mal and Narine 2004;Minchinton 2006). However, the swiftness of the spread of the haplotype M in North America (Saltonstall 2002;Lelong et al 2007), and the rapid rise in the number of common reed stands in sites that have recently been invaded (Hudon et al 2005;Maheu-Giroux and de Blois 2007), raised doubts about the ineffectiveness of sexual reproduction as a contributor to the spread of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Large populations covering hundreds of hectares are widespread along the Atlantic coast of the United States (from Connecticut to Virginia) and in the Mississippi River delta (Rice et al 2000;Warren et al 2001;Lathrop et al 2003;White et al 2004;Philipp and Field 2005). Common reed populations have also recently expanded on the shores of the Great Lakes and along the St. Lawrence River (Wilcox et al 2003;Hudon et al 2005;Trebitz and Taylor 2007;Tulbure et al 2007). The spread and expansion of common reed populations in marshes are probably associated with the nineteenth century introduction of a Eurasian subspecies (P. australis subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seeds contribute strongly to the spread of the invasive genotype of the common reed (Phragmites australis)

et al. 2009

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The introduced subspecies of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. subsp. australis; Poaceae) is considered one of the most invasive plants in North American wetlands. Given its relatively low seed set and its tremendous capacity to spread via stolons or rhizomes, it has generally been thought that the spread of vegetative diaspores was responsible for the establishment of new populations. To test this hypothesis, we sampled a single plant from each of 345 visually-distinct common reed stands located along the shores of Lake St. François (southern Quebec, Canada). With a set of six nuclear microsatellite markers, we distinguished 134 different genotypes. The number of individuals sharing the same genotype ranged from one to 16, and averaged 2.1. Most genotypes were encountered only once. We examined the spatial distribution of the most frequent genotypes and found little evidence of clusters along the lakeshore. These data contradict the hypothesis that a common reed invasion is initiated by the introduction of vegetative diaspores from a few clones. Rather, they clearly support the alternative hypothesis that seeds were the primary diaspores responsible for the establishment of common reed populations.

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“…However, seedlings may be less vigorous and have lower survival rates than rhizome or stolon shoots (Albert et al 2015), and may not compete well initially with vegetatively spreading clones. A wide array of studies have previously estimated the rate of Phragmites patch expansion both in its native European range and as an invader in North America (e.g., Rice and Rooth 2000;Warren et al 2001;Havens et al 2003;Lathrop et al 2003;Wilcox et al 2003;Alvarez et al 2005;Hudon et al 2005;Philipp and Field 2005;MaheuGiroux and de Blois 2007;Howard and Turluck 2013;e.g., Altartouri et al 2014;Bhattarai and Cronin 2014). Here we present new data on spread rates in the western range of Phragmites invasion in North America, where its invasion is much more recent and the climate is very different from other regions of its invasion in North America where it has been intensively studied (e.g., New England, southern Quebec, Great Lakes region, Chesapeake Bay, Gulf Coast; Kettenring et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on the edge: reproductive mode and rate of invasive Phragmites australis patch expansion

et al. 2016

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The dynamics of plant invasions from initial colonization through patch expansion are driven in part by mode of reproduction, i.e., sexual (seed) and asexual (clonal fragments and expansion) means. Expansion of existing patches-both rate and mode of spread into a matrix of varying conditions-is important for predicting potential invader impacts. In this study, we used fine-scale genetic assessments and remote sensing to describe both the rate and mode of expansion for 20 Phragmites australis patches in flooded and unflooded wetland units on the Great Salt Lake, UT. We found that the majority of Phragmites patch expansion occurred via clonal spread but we also documented instances of (potentially episodic) seedling recruitment. The mode of patch expansion, inferred from patch edge genet richness, was unrelated to flooding in the wetland unit in the preceding growing season. The rate of Phragmites patch expansion varied from 0.09 to 0.35 year -1 and was unrelated to the mode of spread. In six patches monitored across two years, monoclonal patches stayed monoclonal, whereas patches with higher genet richness had a marked increase in diversity in the second year. The findings of the present study suggest how this partially clonal species can exploit the benefits of both sexual (i.e., genetic recombination, widespread dispersal, colonization of new areas) and asexual reproduction (i.e., stability of established clones suited to local environmental conditions) to become one of the most successful wetland plant invaders. To control this species, both forms of reproduction need to be fully addressed through targeted management actions.

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Hydrological factors controlling the spread of common reed (Phragmites australis) in theSt. Lawrence River (Québec, Canada)

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Management of invasive Phragmites australis in the Adirondacks: a cautionary tale about prospects of eradication

Management of invasive Phragmites australis in the Adirondacks: a cautionary tale about prospects of eradication

Seeds contribute strongly to the spread of the invasive genotype of the common reed (Phragmites australis)

Life on the edge: reproductive mode and rate of invasive Phragmites australis patch expansion

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