Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal springs of the Appalachians

Hobba, W.A.; Fisher, D.W.; Pearson, F.J.; Chemerys, J.C.

doi:10.3133/pp1044e

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Other studies focus on the occurrence of hot springs in regional flow systems influenced by thermal effects such as the famous springs at Bath, England (Andrews et al 1982; Atkinson and Davison 2002); hot springs in Japan (Yuhara et al 1989), Hungary (Alfoldi et al 1985), Switzerland (Bodmer and Rybach 1985), Spain (Sanz and Yelamos 1998; Sanchez‐Navarro et al 2004), and in the Valley and Ridge Province of the United States (Hobba et al 1979). In a typical conceptual model, ground water flows deep into the basin where it is heated and then flows back to the surface to discharge in hot springs.…”

Section: Basin‐scale Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat as a Ground Water Tracer

2005

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Heat carried by ground water serves as a tracer to identify surface water infiltration, flow through fractures, and flow patterns in ground water basins. Temperature measurements can be analyzed for recharge and discharge rates, the effects of surface warming, interchange with surface water, hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments, and basin-scale permeability. Temperature data are also used in formal solutions of the inverse problem to estimate ground water flow and hydraulic conductivity. The fundamentals of using heat as a ground water tracer were published in the 1960s, but recent work has significantly expanded the application to a variety of hydrogeological settings. In recent work, temperature is used to delineate flows in the hyporheic zone, estimate submarine ground water discharge and depth to the salt-water interface, and in parameter estimation with coupled ground water and heat-flow models. While short reviews of selected work on heat as a ground water tracer can be found in a number of research papers, there is no critical synthesis of the larger body of work found in the hydrogeological literature. The purpose of this review paper is to fill that void and to show that ground water temperature data and associated analytical tools are currently underused and have not yet realized their full potential.

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Section: Basin‐scale Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat as a Ground Water Tracer

2005

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“…fur springs are being supplied with deeply-circulating ground waters that are also affecting the eight high-sulfate wells, since the chemical qualities of these springs and well waters are very similar. The chemistry and occurrence of deeply-circulating water has been investigated by Hobba, et aL (1979), for thermal springs in sections of the Valley and Ridge province. The thermal springs, shown by Figure 1, range in temperature from 180 to 42°C, and acquire their energy from geothermal heat sources.…”

Section: Sulfur and Thermal Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The springs are most likely to occur where fracture zones or faults cut steeply dipping beds of sandstone or limestone on the crests or limbs of anticines. Isotope studies showed that the spring water is a mixture of deeply-circulating warm water and shallow-circulating cool water, with the warmest springs discharging the highest percentage of deep or "old" water (Hobba, et al, 1979).…”

Section: Sulfur and Thermal Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ANOMALOUS NATURAL SULFATE IN WATER WELLS OF THE GREENBRIER GROUP, WEST VIRGINIA¹

Heller

Rauch

1986

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Many water wells developed in the Middle Mississippian Greenbrier Group of central Greenbrier County, West Virginia, are very productive because of the abundant solution conduits in this karst aquifer. Water from these wells, all of which (with one exception) are clustered in a small area about eight kilometers northwest of Lewisburg, West Virginia, is typically very hard (calcium‐magnesium‐bicarbonate type). Of 74 wells sampled, eight showed sulfate concentrations ranging from 600 to 1700 mg/l. These wells also showed a much higher than average concentration of calcium, magnesium, chloride, sodium, and, in a few cases, iron. The water from several of these wells was not potable. Previously unpublished work has suggested that dolomite and gypsum dissolution have contributed magnesium and sulfate ions to the ground water. It is also likely that, where sodium, chloride, and iron concentrations are above background, halite dissolution and pyrite oxidation are contributing to the problem. All of these minerals are often associated with the basal waterbearing strata of the Greenbrier Group. In addition, it is possible that the wells are receiving deeply circulating ground waters, via fracture zones, which feed many other well‐known sulfur and/or thermal springs in the central Appalachians.

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“…Therefore separate thematic maps (lineaments, lateral ramps, CSD's, allochthonous/crustal blocks, and the relationship of CSD's and lineaments to oil and gas fields) were produced (figs. [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side-looking airborne radar image map showing cross-strike structural discontinuities and lineaments of the central Appalachians

Southworth¹

1986

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Seven cross-strike structural discontinuities (CSD's), 100 lineaments, and 8 allochthonous-block and crustaHblock boundaries, recognized by various workers in the Central and Southern Appalachians, are compiled on a side looking airborne radar (SLAR) image mosaic of twelve I°x2° quadrangles to better understand their relationship to the regional structural framework.CSD's are broad zones of structural disruption that may contain many lineaments of varying size and orientation. Geologic and geophysical data suggest that some Appalachian CSD's and lineaments are the surficial expression of allochthonous-block and crustaHblock boundaries. The high-resolution, synoptic view and detailed expression of surficial morphology on XHband SLAR images provide a preliminary means of mapping CSD's and lineaments on the basis of alignment or disruption of structural and geomorphic patterns.Of the seven CSD's, two appear to involve basement, three appear to involve lateral ramps in cover rocks above basement (zones where a thrust fault transfers to a higher stratigraphic level along regional strike), and two may involve both basement and cover rocks. Of the 100 lineaments, 14 appear to involve basement, 78 are restricted to the allochthon cover rocks, and 8 may involve both basement and cover rocks. Thirty-two percent of all lineaments are attributed to the surficial expression of lateral ramps while 48 percent are attributed to interruptions in strike, such as regional-scale plunging fold noses and geomorphic gaps.CSD's and lineaments are an exploration target for natural gas because they are areas where fracture permeability is enhanced. The spatial relationship of CSD's and lineaments to gas fields in the Valley and Ridge province suggests structural closure of anticlinal traps due to differential movement associated with lateral ramps.

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Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal springs of the Appalachians

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Heat as a Ground Water Tracer

Heat as a Ground Water Tracer

ANOMALOUS NATURAL SULFATE IN WATER WELLS OF THE GREENBRIER GROUP, WEST VIRGINIA¹

Side-looking airborne radar image map showing cross-strike structural discontinuities and lineaments of the central Appalachians

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Hydrology and geochemistry of thermal springs of the Appalachians

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Heat as a Ground Water Tracer

Heat as a Ground Water Tracer

ANOMALOUS NATURAL SULFATE IN WATER WELLS OF THE GREENBRIER GROUP, WEST VIRGINIA1

Side-looking airborne radar image map showing cross-strike structural discontinuities and lineaments of the central Appalachians

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Product

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ANOMALOUS NATURAL SULFATE IN WATER WELLS OF THE GREENBRIER GROUP, WEST VIRGINIA¹