Hydrolysis and Formation of Carboxylid Acid Esters

Resolution of secondary alcohols via Carica papaya lipase-catalyzed enantioselective acylation

“…They have been the enzymes of choice for organic synthesis due to their enantioselective and regioselective nature (Gais and Theil 2002;Bornscheuer and Kazlauskas 2006). Lipases utilized for such a purpose are those from mammalian and microbial sources, especially those from the latter.…”

Efficient Synthesis of Dissymmetric Malonic Acid S,O-Esters via Monoalcoholysis of Symmetric Dithiomalonates under Neutral Conditions

“…Although symmetric malonic acid diesters can be derived from malonic acid via diesterification, dissymmetric malonates are not easily prepared from the symmetric malonates, because attempts at selective monoesterification of malonic acid usually produce a mixture of the starting malonic acid, the desired monoester, and the diester. To prepare the dissymmetric monoester selectively, enzymatic processes can be used but with the drawback of high substrate specificity . Several chemical processes of dissymmetrization, for example, saponification and nucleophilic ring-opening of Meldrum’s acid, have also been used; however, they are not always efficient due to facile decarboxylation and poor reproducibility.…”

Biocatalysis in the Preparation of the Statin Side Chain

“…are responsible for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds of peptides and proteins. Lipases are the most widely used enzymes in organic synthesis due to their stability, wide substrate tolerance and commercial availability [51]. With lipases, esterases and serine proteases the reactions take place with so-called serine hydrolase mechanism [52].…”