Hydrolysis lignin: Electrochemical properties of the organic cathode material for primary lithium battery

Structural and electrochemical investigation of nanostructured C:TiO2–TiOF2 composite synthesized in plasma by an original method of pulsed high-voltage discharge

“…6e). The (AC 2 F 4 A) n precursor presence in the C:TiO 2 -TiOF 2 composition is confirmed by the peak at 291.9 eV related to C1s-electrons of CF 2 groups [27]. The low concentration of the precursor reveals high purity of the sample.…”

“…On the other hand, the reversible capacity of carbon black included as electroconductive additive in electrode material should be taken into consideration. At the same time, there are no data showing a significant capacity of SEI formation on TiO 2 or TiOF 2 particles as well as that of carbon black [20,27]. Thus, 1370 mA h g À1 is predominantly the sum of capacities of TiO 2 and TiOF 2 .…”

“…6b) exhibits two main contributions. Specifically, the peak at 689.0 eV belongs to CF 2 groups of polytetrafluorethylene [27], while the band at 684.8 eV corresponds to titanium oxyfluoride [21]. The binding energy of O 1s peak (Fig.…”

Lignin‐derived electrochemical energy materials and systems

“…Composites of lignin‐derived porous carbon/Se have been fabricated and have exhibited a reversible capacity of 596.4 mA h g −1 at 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 453.1 mA h g −1 over 300 cycles . Meanwhile, a Klason lignin extracted from buckwheat husks and hydrolysis lignin have also been demonstrated to possess application potential as cathode material for a primary lithium battery . It was found that the hydrolysis lignin showed a capacity of 450 mA h g −1 at 25 mA cm −2 , with two main voltage plateaus located at ~1.8 and ~1.1 V. Furthermore, the active carbon produced from lignin exhibited effective hydrogen electrosorption of 510 mA h g −1 and favorable discharge characteristics at high current densities, providing a potentially safe and cheap method for hydrogen storage …”

Enhancing the reversible capacity of nanostructured TiO 2 (anatase) by Zr-doping using a sol–gel template method

“…The Li + diffusion into the bulk structure of Zr-doped TiO 2 characterized by Warburg element W. The R ⁄⁄ -CPE ⁄⁄ circuit describes the Li + transport through SEI. Use of CPE in the above EEC is caused by the inhomogeneous nature of the material [20][21][22].…”