Hydrolysis of Cellulose and Hemicellulose

Wyman, Charles E.; Decker, Stephen R.; Himmel, M. E.; Brady, John W.; Skopec, Catherine E.; Viikari, Liisa

doi:10.1201/9781420030822.ch43

Cited by 178 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Both mineral acids and enzymatic catalysts can be used for cellulose hydrolysis, with enzymatic catalysts being more selective. [13] The highest yields of glucose achieved for cellulose hydrolysis with concentrated mineral acids are typically less than 70 %, whereas enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose can produce glucose in yields close to J. A. Dumesic et al 100 %.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals

2007

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Biomass has the potential to serve as a sustainable source of energy and organic carbon for our industrialized society. The focus of this Review is to present an overview of chemical catalytic transformations of biomass‐derived oxygenated feedstocks (primarily sugars and sugar‐alcohols) in the liquid phase to value‐added chemicals and fuels, with specific examples emphasizing the development of catalytic processes based on an understanding of the fundamental reaction chemistry. The key reactions involved in the processing of biomass are hydrolysis, dehydration, isomerization, aldol condensation, reforming, hydrogenation, and oxidation. Further, it is discussed how ideas based on fundamental chemical and catalytic concepts lead to strategies for the control of reaction pathways and process conditions to produce H2/CO2 or H2/CO gas mixtures by aqueous‐phase reforming, to produce furan compounds by selective dehydration of carbohydrates, and to produce liquid alkanes by the combination of aldol condensation and dehydration/hydrogenation processes.

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Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals

2007

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“…Now with declining petroleum resources, combined with increased demand for petroleum by emerging economies, and political and environmental concerns about fossil fuels, it is imperative to develop economical and energy-efficient processes for the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals. In this respect, plant biomass is the only current sustainable source of organic carbon, [1][2][3] and biofuels, fuels derived from plant biomass, are the only current sustainable source of liquid fuels. Biofuels generate significantly less greenhouse gas emissions than do fossil fuels and can even be greenhouse gas neutral if efficient methods for biofuels production are developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering

2006

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“…Xylan concentrations are particularly high in terrestrial plants; on the other hand, cellulose is included in all plants including marine algae (McNeil et al 1984;Wyman et al 2005). Therefore, significant differences in xylanase activity between gastropods are likely related to the consumption of terrestrial plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, Cerithidea cingulata and Cerithidea rhizophorarum collected from the reed bed showed high xylanase activity, and probably ingested and assimilated organic matter derived from reeds in the sediment. Mannan is a hemicellulose found in some species of marine algae (Wyman et al 2005;Moreira & Filho 2008). Laminarin is a hemicellulose used for storage of carbohydrates by marine algae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of gastropods in a tidal flat in association with digestive enzyme activities

Wen

Tanimura

Imai

et al. 2014

Plankton Benthos Res

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Abstract:We investigated the relationship between digestive function and ecological distribution for four related species of Gastropoda (Cerithidea rhizophorarum, Cerithidea cingulata, Batillaria multiformis, and Batillaria attramentaria) inhabiting the Tanaka River estuary (Mie Prefecture, Japan). We compared the digestive enzyme activities for four hard degradable carbohydrates, namely, cellulose, mannan, xylan, and laminarin. Among the investigated four species, Cerithidea rhizophorarum showed the highest cellulase, mannanase, xylanase, and laminarinase activities, and was also dominantly distributed in the estuary reed bed. The results of CN stable isotopic analysis suggested that this species assimilated organic matter derived from reeds. Hard degradable carbohydrates, including plant components derived from the reed bed or from dry land, accumulate in the sediment of estuaries. Estuarine benthic animals are assumed to consume these accumulated hard degradable carbohydrates, as well as microphytobenthos and particulate organic matter (including phytoplankton). Our present findings suggest that Cerithidea rhizophorarum is dominant in reed beds because it can more efficiently digest plant-derived carbohydrates than can Cerithidea cingulata, B. multiformis, and B. attramentaria. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study to demonstrate that the specific ecological distribution of related animal species with similar ecological traits can be explained by the efficiency of their digestive enzyme activity.

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Hydrolysis of Cellulose and Hemicellulose

Cited by 178 publications

References 207 publications

Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals

Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals

Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering

Distribution of gastropods in a tidal flat in association with digestive enzyme activities

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