Hydrolysis of eucalyptus wood chips under hot compressed water in the presence of sulfonated carbon-based catalysts

Sulfonated carbon derived from the residue obtained after recovery of essential oil from the leaves ofCinnamomum longepaniculatumusing Brønsted acid ionic liquid, and its use in the preparation of ellagic acid and gallic acid

“…16 Apart from the limitations of these methods, 17 the use of homogeneous inorganic acid as catalysts in the hydrolysis procedures still has many disadvantages, such as the naturally corrosive threat on equipments, the high production of undesirable byproducts, sensitivity to water, tedious isolation process and the large input on the treatment of the acid-containing residues. [18][19][20][21] Recently, sulfonated carbonaceous catalysts appeared as promising "green solid catalysts" for the application in acidic catalysis 22,23 because of their remarkable and stable solid acid characteristics, low cost, and easy availability through simple treatments. [24][25][26] Nonetheless, a previous preparation process of sulfonated carbonaceous catalysts involves the post-processing of a carbon material for activation with concentrated sulfuric acid or other sulfonation compounds.…”

Sequential Fractionation of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Microwave-Assisted Depolymerization of Lignin for Producing Monophenolic Compounds

“…Among many pretreatment methods for fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, hot compressed water (HCW) provides many advantages such as less inhibitors generated, applicable to moist biomass, no catalyst needed, and selective hemicellulose elimination without cellulose destruction. , During hot compressed water fractionation, the water is in a subcritical state, and hemicellulose and lignin are solubilized and released into the liquid phase while cellulose remains intact. It was reported that HCW at 180 °C for 30 min at 10 bar could yield 85% hemicellulose separated from sugar cane bagasse containing 17.7% hemicellulose in raw material …”

One-Step Acid Bleachable Pretreatment with a Recyclable Acid Hydrotrope and Chlorate for Biomass Valorization

“…According to the species, the content of cellulose is about 30 ~ 50% (Pattnaik et al, 2022). Cellulose, a natural linear polymer (polysaccharide) with a molecular repeat unit comprised of a pair of d-anhydroglucose ring units joined by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds (Boonmahitthisud et al, 2022), can be used for traditional papermaking or converted to reducing sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis for fuels and chemical products preparation (Weerasai et al, 2018). Nevertheless, due to the inherent complex polymer structure of lignocellulose, highly-ordered hydrogen bonds, and the indigestibility of lignin restrict the utilization of cellulose (Hongdan et al, 2013).…”