Hydrolysis of Golenkinia sp. biomass using Amberlyst 36 and nitric acid as catalysts

Hydrolysis of Lipid‐Extracted Chlorella vulgaris by Simultaneous Use of Solid and Liquid Acids

“…The sugar concentration obtained using the solid acid catalyst only was 0.40 g/L (32.7% of the total carbohydrate), lower than that obtained at the same concentration of liquid acid only, as shown in Figure . Amberlyst 36, the solid acid catalyst, did not readily degrade the cell directly to the sugars because the average pore diameter of the Amberlyst 36 particles was 240 Å, too small to reach the cell into the solid pore acid sites where hydrolysis occurs . Figure shows that 0.0075 N nitric acid and 7.6 g/L Amberlyst 36 provided a 1.08 g/L total sugar concentration, an 88.5% yield, nearly the same concentration as was present in the hydrolysate produced in the presence of 0.01 N nitric acid and 7.6 g/L Amberlyst 36.…”

“…The liquid acid was capable of damaging the biomass, but its concentration was too low to hydrolyze the polysaccharides in the cell. Fragments of the cell produced by low amount nitric acid concentration, however, could reach the solid acid site within the solid acid catalyst's pores . The division of labor between the solid and liquid acids created a synergetic effect, and most polysaccharides in the biomass were hydrolyzed to sugars.…”

“…Recently, solid acids were found to be effective in the hydrolysis of soluble biomass such as starch, cellulose, and carbohydrate. But, the use of solid acid catalyst was found to be inefficient in the case of particulate biomass such as macroalgal powder and microalgae . It was reported that particulate macroalgal biomass could be hydrolyzed using solid catalyst as the sole catalyst .…”

“…However, the dosage of nitric acid should have been minimized to keep the salt concentration in the hydrolysate as low as possible. In our previous work, it was reported that a solid acid catalyst combined with a small amount of acid could effectively fragmentize and hydrolyze microalgal residue comprised of solid particles …”

“…But, the use of solid acid catalyst was found to be inefficient in the case of particulate biomass such as macroalgal powder and microalgae. [10][11][12][13][14] It was reported that particulate macroalgal biomass could be hydrolyzed using solid catalyst as the sole catalyst. 13 However, the yield was too low to be practical.…”