Hydrolysis of HCN as an important step in nitrogen oxide formation in fluidised combustion. Part 1. Homogeneous reactions

Schäfer, Sascha; Bonn, B.

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00254-9

Cited by 69 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is due to the higher thermal decomposition and to the higher H-and OH-radical concentrations at higher temperatures, Eqs. (7) and (8) of N 2 O was observed to begin above 700°C and to rise sharply with increasing temperature (Schaffer and Bonn, 2000).…”

Section: No X and N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Thermal valorization of footwear leather wastes in bubbling fluidized bed combustion

et al. 2004

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Section: No X and N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This implies that the moisture content in flue gas is important. Water reacts with HCN originating ammonia and CO according to the following reaction (Schaffer and Bonn, 2000):…”

Section: No X and N 2 O Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal valorization of footwear leather wastes in bubbling fluidized bed combustion

et al. 2004

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“…Binding energy of different nitrogen morphology [38][39] a few researcher results demonstrate that destruction of NO with NH 3 is favoured in the temperature range between 800 and 1100 8C (SNCR). [26,[46][47][48] The nitrogen distributions for Cases 1.3, 2.3, and 3.3 have been listed in Table 4. In CFB, the proportion of fuel-N released increased from 83.52 % to 88.54 % as l CFB increased.…”

Section: Fuel-n Conversion Mechanism In Post-combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the combustion and NO_x emission characteristics of low rank coal in a circulating fluidized bed with post‐combustion

Zhou

Cao

et al. 2017

Can J Chem Eng

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The combustion and NOx emission characteristics of low rank coal have been investigated in a circulating fluidized bed test plat, which was composed of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) and post‐combustion chamber (PCC). The effects of the air stoichiometric ratio in the circulating fluidized bed furnace and air arrangement in the post‐combustion chamber were studied. In the optimized experimental condition, with the air stoichiometric ratio in the CFB (λCFB) at 0.963, and post‐combustion air (PCA) injected into the PCC using ports PCA1 and PCA3, the NOx emission was reduced to 48.7 mg/m3. The conversion of the fuel‐nitrogen in the coal into NOx did not occur under the reducing atmosphere in the circulating fluidized bed furnace. The final quantity of NOx generated from the combustion in the PCC was formed from gaseous HCN and residual nitrogen in fly ash, which flowed with flue gas from the CFB furnace. Enhancing the burnout fraction of coal in the CFB and using the air arrangement in the PCC could effectively reduce the final emission of NOx.

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“…Some researchers believe HCN and NH 3 are generated from a similar source since the temperature of initial HCN and NH 3 formation is very close (Nelson, et al 1992); others assume that NH 3 is converted to HCN under severe conditions (Chen 1991;Brill, et al 1992). Recently, more and more researchers have begun to believe that HCN may be the primary nitrogen species during pyrolysis and that NH 3 is partly formed from HCN through hydrogenation (Bassilakis, et al 1993;Leppalahti, 1995;Rudiger, et al 1997;Ledesma, et al 1998;Friebel and Kopsel, 1999;Schafer and Bonn, 2000). The absence of NH 3 from the decomposition products of N-containing model compounds was explained by the lack of donatable hydrogen atoms in these aromatic compounds (Mackie, et al 1990;Mackie, et al 1991).…”

Section: Noncondensible Nitrogen Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimization of No Emissions From Multi-Burner Coal-Fired Boilers

Eddings¹,

Molina²,

Pershing³

et al. 2002

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The focus of this program is to provide insight into the formation and minimization of NOx in multi-burner arrays, such as those that would be found in a typical utility boiler. Most detailed studies are performed in single-burner test facilities, and may not capture significant burner-to-burner interactions that could influence NOx emissions. Thus, investigations of such interactions were made by performing a combination of single and multiple burner experiments in a pilot-scale coal-fired test facility at the University of Utah, and by the use of computational combustion simulations to evaluate full-scale utility boilers. In addition, fundamental studies on nitrogen release from coal were performed to develop greater understanding of the physical processes that control NO formation in pulverized coal flames-particularly under low NOx conditions. A CO/H 2 /O 2 /N 2 flame was operated under fuel-rich conditions in a flat flame reactor to provide a high temperature, oxygen-free post-flame environment to study secondary reactions of coal volatiles. Effects of temperature, residence time and coal rank on nitrogen evolution and soot formation were examined.. Elemental compositions of the char, tar and soot were determined by elemental analysis, gas species distributions were determined using FTIR, and the chemical structure of the tar and soot was analyzed by solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy. A laminar flow drop tube furnace was used to study char nitrogen conversion to NO. The experimental evidence and simulation results indicated that some of the nitrogen present in the char is converted to nitric oxide after direct attack of oxygen on the particle, while another portion of the nitrogen, present in more labile functionalities, is released as HCN and further reacts in the bulk gas. The reaction of HCN with NO in the bulk gas has a strong influence on the overall conversion of char-nitrogen to nitric oxide; therefore, any model that aims to predict the conversion of char-nitrogen to nitric oxide should allow for the conversion of char-nitrogen to HCN. The extent of the HCN conversion to NO or N 2 will depend on the composition of the atmosphere surrounding IV the particle. A pilot-scale testing campaign was carried out to evaluate the impact of multiburner firing on NOx emissions using a three-burner vertical array. In general, the results indicated that multiburner firing yielded higher NOx emissions than single burner firing at the same fuel rate and excess air. Mismatched burner operation, due to increases in the firing rate of the middle burner, generally demonstrated an increase in NOx over uniform firing. Biased firing, operating the middle burner fuel rich with the upper and lower burners fuel lean, demonstrated an overall reduction in NOx emissions; particularly when the middle burner was operated highly fuel rich. Computational modeling indicated that operating the three burner array with the center burner swirl in a direction opposite to the other two resulted in a slight reduction in NOx. V

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Hydrolysis of HCN as an important step in nitrogen oxide formation in fluidised combustion. Part 1. Homogeneous reactions

Cited by 69 publications

References 11 publications

Thermal valorization of footwear leather wastes in bubbling fluidized bed combustion

Thermal valorization of footwear leather wastes in bubbling fluidized bed combustion

Study on the combustion and NO_x emission characteristics of low rank coal in a circulating fluidized bed with post‐combustion

Minimization of No Emissions From Multi-Burner Coal-Fired Boilers

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Hydrolysis of HCN as an important step in nitrogen oxide formation in fluidised combustion. Part 1. Homogeneous reactions

Cited by 69 publications

References 11 publications

Thermal valorization of footwear leather wastes in bubbling fluidized bed combustion

Thermal valorization of footwear leather wastes in bubbling fluidized bed combustion

Study on the combustion and NOx emission characteristics of low rank coal in a circulating fluidized bed with post‐combustion

Minimization of No Emissions From Multi-Burner Coal-Fired Boilers

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Product

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Study on the combustion and NO_x emission characteristics of low rank coal in a circulating fluidized bed with post‐combustion